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中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版) ›› 2021, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (02) : 72 -78. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1366.2021.02.002

所属专题: 文献

中青年专家笔谈

硅基陶瓷的临床应用现状与展望
孙瑞瞳1, 李享宜1, 胡一淳1, 高嘉阳1, 胡博1, 战德松2, 付佳乐2,()   
  1. 1. 中国医科大学口腔医学院,沈阳 110002
    2. 中国医科大学口腔医学院口腔材料学教研室,中国医科大学附属口腔医院修复二科,沈阳 110002
  • 收稿日期:2021-02-01 出版日期:2021-04-01
  • 通信作者: 付佳乐

Clinical application and prospects of silica based ceramics

Ruitong Sun1, Xiangyi Li1, Yichun Hu1, Jiayang Gao1, Bo Hu1, Desong Zhan2, Jiale Fu2,()   

  1. 1. School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China
    2. Department of Dental Materials, the Second Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China
  • Received:2021-02-01 Published:2021-04-01
  • Corresponding author: Jiale Fu
  • Supported by:
    Natural Science Foundation Project of Liaoning Province(2018225059, 2020-MS-150)
引用本文:

孙瑞瞳, 李享宜, 胡一淳, 高嘉阳, 胡博, 战德松, 付佳乐. 硅基陶瓷的临床应用现状与展望[J]. 中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版), 2021, 15(02): 72-78.

Ruitong Sun, Xiangyi Li, Yichun Hu, Jiayang Gao, Bo Hu, Desong Zhan, Jiale Fu. Clinical application and prospects of silica based ceramics[J]. Chinese Journal of Stomatological Research(Electronic Edition), 2021, 15(02): 72-78.

硅基陶瓷是现代口腔美学临床修复的首选材料之一,近年来应用广泛。硅基陶瓷以玻璃相为主,具有良好的美观性、粘接性及生物相容性等诸多优势,但是其机械性能略差,可以根据材料组分与加工方式制作不同种类的修复体以满足不同的临床需求。课题组在PubMed、中国知网(CNKI)、万方等数据库中以"硅基陶瓷、玻璃陶瓷、物理性质、剪切强度、粘接表现、临床操作、表面处理"为中英文关键词检索相关文献。按照纳入与排除标准筛选后,对最终纳入的45篇文献进行归纳总结。通过查阅文献分析总结硅基陶瓷的种类与特点、硅基陶瓷修复体的临床应用以及硅基陶瓷的粘接技术,在此基础上对硅基陶瓷未来发展趋势进行展望,同时结合现在技术从中得到新启迪。硅基陶瓷具有理想的应用前景,但对于硅基陶瓷技术更多拓展应用的可行性还有待科学实验验证与临床实践观察。

Silica based ceramics are one of the preferred dental esthetic restorative materials for modern dental clinical treatment, which have been widely used in recent years. Silica based ceramics are mainly glass phase, with excellent esthetic, adhesive properties and biocompatibility, but slightly poor mechanical properties. According to different kinds of material components and processing methods, various restorations can be made to meet the clinical needs. Our research group searched for the articles in PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang databases with the key words of "silica based ceramics; glass ceramic; physical properties; shear bond strength; bonding performance; clinical operation; surface treatment" in Chinese and English. After screening with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 45 articles were included. Upon the included literature, the types, characters, clinical applications and bonding technologies of silica based ceramic restorations were reviewed and summarized. Furthermore, the future development trend of silica based ceramics was prospected, and new inspiration was obtained by combining the silica based ceramics with the current technology. Silica based ceramics have an ideal application prospect, but the feasibility of more extensive application of silica based ceramics technology needs scientific verification and clinical observation.

表1 牙体组织与修复材料强度比较
表2 硅基陶瓷的制作工艺及特点
制作工艺 材料 优点 缺点 应用
烧结 白榴石增强长石质 美观性高,颜色丰富,半透性好 强度一般 通过粘接性粘固的前牙冠
增加氧化铝 增加氧化铝含量,较高强度 美观性较差 制作单个前牙及后牙的基底冠
热压铸 白榴石晶体 边缘适合性好,形态准确、美观,粘接性能好,颜色和牙齿更接近 强度较低,与饰瓷结合差 单个前牙及后牙冠
二硅酸锂晶体 拥有较强的物理性能,显著提高强度和断裂韧性 半透明性不如白榴石增强铸瓷 通过非粘接性粘固的单个前牙后牙修复体
粉浆堆涂成型 氧化铝基玻璃渗透瓷 具有较高强度 透明性较差约只有牙本质一半 单个前后牙冠的基底核
尖晶石基玻璃渗透瓷 弯曲强度低 半透明性高于玻璃渗透氧化铝瓷 前牙全瓷冠的内冠
氧化锆增韧氧化铝玻璃渗透全瓷 弯曲强度最高 透明度较差 对美观要求不高的后牙修复体
CAD/CAM切削成型(三者都是玻璃基陶瓷) 长石基切削瓷 对天然牙的磨损程度小 强度和韧性较差 前牙贴面、冠、后牙嵌体的修复体
二硅酸锂基切削瓷 颜色变成牙齿样颜色,力学性能显著提高 强度略低于相应铸瓷 前后牙的冠
玻璃渗透切削瓷 致密度、力学性能高于粉浆堆涂玻璃渗透瓷 透光率低,饰瓷和核瓷结合力低 氧化铝基玻璃渗透切削瓷:前后牙的内冠;尖晶石基玻璃渗透切削瓷:前牙牙冠、贴面修复、后牙嵌体;氧化锆基玻璃渗透切削瓷:后牙修复体
图1 硅烷偶联剂粘接机制示意图
图2 硅基陶瓷临床标准化粘接流程示意图
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