Research progress and clinical performance assessments of periodontal regenerative materials

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1366.2025.04.001

Abstract

Abstract:

Periodontitis-induced alveolar bone resorption and destruction significantly compromise patients′ masticatory function and aesthetics. To reconstruct and regenerate periodontal tissue defects, periodontal regenerative therapies have advanced continuously, with extensive clinical application of various bone grafts, biologic, and osteoinductive pharmacological agents. The selection of bone grafts varies depending on the surgical objectives, extent of bone destruction, and local microenvironmental conditions. This article comprehensively reviews current clinical applications of periodontal bone grafting materials and evaluates recent research progress in novel biomaterials, along with their clinical performance assessments.

Key words: Periodontitis, Bone transplantation, Alloplasts, Biological products

Yaozhong Pan, Jian Zhao, Yaping Pan. Research progress and clinical performance assessments of periodontal regenerative materials[J]. Chinese Journal of Stomatological Research(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(04): 217-228.

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References 64

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移植物类型	来源	优点	缺点	成骨特性	研究阶段	研究类型	循证医学证据等级
自体骨	患者本身（口内供区：下颌骨颏部、下颌升支部和上颌结节等；口外供区：髂骨、颅骨等）	无免疫原性反应和疾病传播	来源有限、增加创伤、供区并发症和愈合早期吸收快	骨传导性、骨诱导性和骨再生性	临床广泛应用	随机对照临床试验	1级
自体松质骨	-	骨源性生长因子较多、良好的血管形成和抗感染能力	空间维持能力较弱、容易被吸收	高骨传导性、高骨诱导性和高骨再生性	临床广泛应用	-	-
自体皮质骨	-	提供结构支撑和机械稳定性	重塑时间长	低骨传导性、低骨诱导性和低骨再生性	临床广泛应用	-	-
自体牙本质移植材料	自体牙	与自体皮质骨相似的晶体结构和钙磷溶解量、成骨效果良好、免疫反应和感染风险较低	获取来源有限	骨传导性和骨诱导性	临床试验初期	随机对照临床试验	1级

移植物类型	来源	优点	缺点	成骨特性	研究阶段	研究类型	循证医学证据等级
自体骨	患者本身（口内供区：下颌骨颏部、下颌升支部和上颌结节等；口外供区：髂骨、颅骨等）	无免疫原性反应和疾病传播	来源有限、增加创伤、供区并发症和愈合早期吸收快	骨传导性、骨诱导性和骨再生性	临床广泛应用	随机对照临床试验	1级
自体松质骨	-	骨源性生长因子较多、良好的血管形成和抗感染能力	空间维持能力较弱、容易被吸收	高骨传导性、高骨诱导性和高骨再生性	临床广泛应用	-	-
自体皮质骨	-	提供结构支撑和机械稳定性	重塑时间长	低骨传导性、低骨诱导性和低骨再生性	临床广泛应用	-	-
自体牙本质移植材料	自体牙	与自体皮质骨相似的晶体结构和钙磷溶解量、成骨效果良好、免疫反应和感染风险较低	获取来源有限	骨传导性和骨诱导性	临床试验初期	随机对照临床试验	1级

移植物类型	来源	优点	缺点	成骨特性	类似材料	研究阶段	研究类型	循证医学证据等级
同种异体骨	同一物种的不同供体	成骨再生潜能好、再生区域血运重建	免疫反应、感染和疾病传播风险较高	骨传导性、骨诱导性	-	临床广泛应用	随机对照临床试验	1级
新鲜冷冻骨	-	常包含松质骨部分，具备良好的骨传导和骨诱导潜力	免疫反应、感染和疾病传播风险较高	高骨传导性、低骨诱导性	冻干骨	-	-	-
脱矿冻干骨	-	含有生长因子、免疫原性低	不同批次之间生长因子含量不同、机械强度差	低骨传导性、低骨诱导性	-	-	-	-
异种骨	牛骨、猪骨、马骨、珊瑚碳酸钙、藻类	与人类骨骼成分相同，生物力学特性与骨骼相同	宿主免疫反应和疾病传播风险	高骨传导性、低骨诱导性	-	临床广泛应用	随机对照临床试验	1级

移植物类型	来源	优点	缺点	成骨特性	类似材料	研究阶段	研究类型	循证医学证据等级
同种异体骨	同一物种的不同供体	成骨再生潜能好、再生区域血运重建	免疫反应、感染和疾病传播风险较高	骨传导性、骨诱导性	-	临床广泛应用	随机对照临床试验	1级
新鲜冷冻骨	-	常包含松质骨部分，具备良好的骨传导和骨诱导潜力	免疫反应、感染和疾病传播风险较高	高骨传导性、低骨诱导性	冻干骨	-	-	-
脱矿冻干骨	-	含有生长因子、免疫原性低	不同批次之间生长因子含量不同、机械强度差	低骨传导性、低骨诱导性	-	-	-	-
异种骨	牛骨、猪骨、马骨、珊瑚碳酸钙、藻类	与人类骨骼成分相同，生物力学特性与骨骼相同	宿主免疫反应和疾病传播风险	高骨传导性、低骨诱导性	-	临床广泛应用	随机对照临床试验	1级

移植物类型	优点	缺点	成骨特性	研究阶段	研究类型	循证医学证据等级
羟基磷灰石	生物相容性好，拉伸强度较高	吸收缓慢	低骨传导性	临床广泛应用	随机对照临床试验	1级
β-磷酸三钙	在成分上与骨骼最相似，被称为合成移植物的"黄金标准"。	降解不可预测、吸收快	低骨传导性、低骨诱导性	临床广泛应用	随机对照临床试验	1级
双相磷酸钙	成分与骨组织高度相似、颗粒内聚特性优异	机械强度一般、塑形难度较大	中等骨传导性	临床广泛应用	随机对照临床试验	1级
硫酸钙	生物相容性高、自凝强度好、可吸收性、成本低、易于制备	机械强度差、吸收速率快	低骨传导性	临床试验初期	随机对照临床试验	1级
生物活性玻璃陶瓷	抗菌功效、有效促进牙周组织与骨组织结合、刺激成骨细胞活性、生物相容性高	韧性和机械强度较低	低骨传导性、骨诱导性	临床广泛应用	随机对照临床试验	1级

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