As novel bioceramics, iRoot BP and iRoot BP Plus are characterized by good biocompatibility, capacity for regenerating dental pulp or periodontal tissue and handling performance. Combined with dental microscope, iRoot BP and iRoot BP Plus can be applied to endodontic treatments such as direct pulp capping, vital pulpotomy, perforation of pulp floor, root perforation repair and root-end filling, making them promising materials for endodontic treatment.

To investigate the teaching effects of combined application of Simodont virtual simulation system and KaVo head-simulator in Cariology laboratory course.

During Cariology laboratory course, Simodent system and KaVo head-simulator were cooperatively applied among five-year BDS students of Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University. This laboratory course included the following steps: (1) Students were randomized into two groups, and each group had 28 students; (2) Students completed 'Cariology Knowledge Assessment Form’; (3) Students were guided to study'Cariology Clinical Skills Assessment Form’ and'Simodont system Operating Manual’; (4) The first group of students were trained by Simodont system and the second group of students were trained by KaVo head-simulator to prepared Class Ⅱ and Class Ⅴ caries cavities, and the relative scores were recorded; (5) Two group students exchanged the training systems to prepare Class Ⅱ and ClassⅤ caries cavities again, and the relative scores were recorded; (6) Students filled the 'Teaching Questionnaire’; (7) The data were collected and analyzed.

There was no significant difference of the scores between the two group students (P > 0.05) . After combined training of Simodont system and KaVo head-simulator, the students’ scores were obviously improved in preparing modified Class Ⅱ and Ⅴ caries cavities than those who only received single training system (P < 0.01) . Questionnaire results demonstrated that students highly appreciated the following viewpoints: 'Simodont system was security timesaver and repetitive practice. Combined application of Simodont system and KaVo head-simulator provided good effects on Cariology laboratory teaching.’

In Cariology laboratory courses, combined application of Simodont system and KaVo head-simulator was more effective than a single training system in the scores ofcavity preparation, and thereby was valuable to be adopted.

To investigate the oral health related life quality of patients with bracketless appliance before treatment and in the early stage of treatment. To analyze the effect of bracketless appliance on the oral health related life quality of patients and provide reference to oral health instruction on patients before treatment.

In this study, 60 patients with bracketless appliance undergoing less than 3 aligners were chosen, and they were asked to fill in the Chinese version of oral health impact profile-14 (OHIP-14) before treatment (T0) and at the first appointment (T) . Oral health related life quality of patients before treatment and in the early stage of treatment were compared.

Scores of early stage of bracketless appliance treatment (T) and before treatment (T0) were compared by paired t test. Pronunciation (T0= 0.81, T= 2.68; t= 4.159, P= 0.0142) , taste (T0= 0.64, T= 1.60; t= 3.483, P= 0.0253) , obvious pain (T0= 0.52, T= 2.82; t= 6.388, P= 0.0031) , discomfort while eating (T0= 0.72, T= 1.79; t= 6.288, P= 0.0033) and interference with the rest (T0= 0.32, T= 1.34; t= 4.560, P= 0.0103) were statistical differences.

Oral health related life quality of patients in the early stage of treatment was negatively affected when compared with that before treatment, mainly in the limitation in oral function, pain and mental disorder. Oral health instruction was recommended before bracketless appliance treatment to preventively decrease the negative impact on the oral health related life quality of patients and elevate the compliance and motivation of patients.

With the growing advances and popularity of novel materials and therapeutic devices, dental operating microscope and microsurgical endodontic instruments have been used in endodontic practice and led to the obvious improvement of success rate in conventional root canal therapy. However, there are many refractory cases that could not achieve desirable clinical outcomes through conventional root canal therapy, therefore need to be treated by apical surgery. Compared with traditional apical surgery, microsurgical treatment of apical surgery has been served as precise, less invasive, rapid postoperative recovery and other advantages, and will gradually replace the traditional apical surgery. Endodontic apical microsurgery has its own unique characteristics in many aspects such as instruments, materials and clinical care. In this study, we made a summary of device configuration and clinical care points with respect to modern endodontic apical microsurgery through investigating the clinical cases and practices.

To investigate the effect of exosomes from murine adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) on hypoxia and ischemia induced osteocytes apoptosis.

Primary ASCs were isolated and cultured. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate cell surface markers. Differentiation of ASCs to osteoblasts and adipocytes was used to evaluate multilineage differentiation potential. ASC-derived exosomes were isolated and identified by transmission electron microscope. Western blotting was used to analyze exosomes surface markers CD9 and HSP70. MLO-Y4 cells were cultured under hypoxia with/without ischemia and ASC-derived exosomes. TUNEL assay was used to evaluate cell apoptosis. The mean values between groups were analyzed by Bonferroni Test in SPSS 20.0.

The ASCs we isolated and cultured were confirmed their capacity as mesenchymal stem cells. Flow cytometry results showed that the positive rate of CD31 and CD45 was <2%, while that of CD44 was >95%. Positive staining of Alizarin Red or Oil Red was observed after osteogenic or adipogenic induction of ASC for 21 days respectively. Transmission electron microscope analysis showed ASC-derived exosomes with characteristic morphology and size. Western blot detected the expression of CD9 and HSP70 in ASC-derived exosomes. MLO-Y4 cells were cultured under hypoxia and ischemia for 24 h, and cell apoptosis was increased significantly (cell apoptosis rate_nomorxia= 0.041 ± 0.018, cell apoptosis rate_{normoixa and ischemia}= 0.236 ± 0.539, cell apoptosis rate_hypoxia= 0.058 ± 0.015, cell apoptosis rate_{hypoxia and ischemia}= 0.326 ± 0.108) . Cell apoptosis rate was significantly reduced when 0.5 μg/ml ASC-dervied exosomes were added in (cell apoptosis rate_{hypoxia and exosomes}= 0.111 ± 0.049, P<0.001) .

ASC-derived exosomes can inhibit hypoxia and ischemia induced osteocytes apoptosis, and furthermore promote bone repair and regeneration.

MiR-221 and miR-222 (miR-221/222) are microRNAs, located on the X chromosome and have the same seed sequence. Studies have shown that miR-221/222 function as oncogenes or suppressor genes in lots of advanced cancers. MiR-221/222 play an important role in tumor development, such as signal activation, cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion, migration and other biological processes. This article reviews the role of miR-221/222 in tumor development and their research progress in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

To explore the effect of reducing needlestick injuries of nurses in operation room.

A quality control circle (QCC) was set up using quality management tools in order to analyze the cause of needlestick injuries of nurses in operation room to improved anti-needlestick injuries hardware, and to strengthen the doctor-nurse communication and medical sharps practices training. The differences between two groups were tested by chi-square test. The statistical significance level was set at P<0.05.

The occurrence rate of needlestick injury was decreased from 11.8% to 2.3% (χ² = 7.798, P = 0.005) following QCC activities. The nurses under the QCC paid more attention to normative operating.

The application of the QCC solved the main cause of needlestick injuries, reduced needlestick injuries, and improved the nurses′ job satisfaction. Moreover, it improves work efficiency.

To explore the differences of the aesthetic effect between Xive and Ankylos implants.

Patients received treatment for single tooth restoration in aesthetic region were selected and divided into two groups by Xive and Ankylos implant: Xive group (n= 30) and Ankylos group (n= 30) . All patients were observed at 6, 12, 24 months after secondary surgery, aesthetic effect (the pink esthetic score and white esthetic score, PES/WES) were assessed. The success rate of implants at 24 months after secondary surgery were recorded.

(1) The success rate of implants: Xive group and Ankylos group were all 100%, there was no statistical difference (χ²= 0, P > 0.05) . (2) Aesthetic effects: the score of PES in Xive group is higher than that in Ankylos group 6 months after secondary surgery, the difference shows statistical significance (t= 4.86, t= 0.21, P < 0.05) . There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups for the score of PES at 12 months after secondary surgery (t= 0.21, P > 0.05) . The score of PES in Ankylos group is apparently higher than that in Xive group 24 months after secondary surgery, the difference shows statistical significance (t= 3.03, P < 0.05) . There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups for the score of WES at 6 and 12 months after secondary surgery (t= 0.12/0.15, all P > 0.05) . The score of WES in Ankylos group is apparently higher than that in Xive group24 months after secondary surgery, the difference shows statistical significance (t= 2.06, P < 0.05) .

High success rate and satisfactory esthetic results could be achieved by GBR with simultaneous placement of Xive or Ankylos implants. However, the classification of bone defects and complexity of GBR were not taken into account in the present study, further researches should be conducted to compare the esthetic results of these two implants with GBR technique in anterior region.

To analyze the influence of glass fibre post restoration on premolars fracture resistance with different numbers of coronal dentin walls defect.

According to different numbers of coronal dentin walls defect and restoration methods, forty-eight mandibular first premolars were randomly divided into six groups. Group A1: one-wall defect with glass fibre post-composite resin core restoration; Group A2: one-wall defect with composite resin core restoration; Group B1: two-wall defect with glass fibre post-composite resin core restoration; Group B2: two-wall defect with composite resin core restoration; Group C1: three-wall defect with glass fibre post-composite resin core restoration; Group C2: three-wall defect with composite resin core restoration. Every sample was loaded till failure by mechanical testing machine. The maximum loading value and failure mode were recorded. Two independent samples t test was used in statistical analysis.

There is no statistical significance in the maximum loading capacity between Group A1 and Group A2(P > 0.05). Statistical significance was found in the maximum loading capacity between Group B1 and B2, as well as Group C1 and C2(P < 0.05). Irreparable fracture mainly occurs in Group A1, A2 and B2.

There is no effect of glass fibre post-composite core restored on the fracture resistance of teeth with one-wall defect(t_A=1.830, P_A=0.10). When the number of coronal dentin wall defect is two or three, glass fibre post-composite core restoration is better than composite resin core restoration on the fracture resistance of teeth(t_B=4.741, P_B=0.001; t_C=3.491, P_C=0.005).

To estimate the oral health behaviors of local residents aged 35-44 and to recommend some policies for oral health care in Shenzhen.

A multi-stage random sampling was applied to obtain a representative sample consisted of 1230 people aged 35-44. The questionnaire was designed according to 'The guideline for the 3rd National Oral Health Survey’, regarding oral health practice, oral health services and knowledge about oral health, and 1224 effective questionaires were finally collected.

In the tested people, 91.7% of people held brushing their teeth per day; 55.6% of people brushed their teeth twice or more per day; 72.1% used fluoride toothpaste; dental floss was rarely used. Only 15.9% people went to department of stomatology of hospital last year, and 90% patient were due to acute and chronic toothache or other discomforts. People with periodic oral examination was rarely, and television/broadcast were still the primary sources of the oral health knowledge.

The key points of oral preventive care were to improve the people′s preventive oral health consciousness, change oral behaviors and intensify oral health education contents in Shenzhen in future.

To observe the clinical effects of minimally invasive extraction and immediate placement of Zimmer implants in maxillary anterior teeth.

Twenty Zimmer implants were placed immediately after minimally invasive extraction of maxillary anterior teeth with Benex extractor from 20 patients. Among them, 2 patients were received Bio-oss artificial bone argumentation and covered with Bio-Gide absorbable membranes in their labial side osteons. Final prostheses were restored after 3-6 months. The patients were followed up for 2 years to observe the restoration effects by clinical results and X ray.

Twenty teeth were followed up over 2 years with 100% successful rate.

It is an effective method to restore the maxillary anterior teeth by minimally invasive extraction and immediate placement of Zimmer implants.

To investigate the effect of microRNA (miRNA) -30a on the expression of beclin1 and the autophagic activity in tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell lines.

MiRNA-30a mimic and inhibitor were transfected into tongue squamous cell line cell UM1, UM2 and SCC25 with the lipofection transfection. Cells were cultured and divided into 3 groups which including miRNA-30a mimic group, miRNA-30a inhibitor group and control group. The expression of Beclin1 and LC3 was analyzed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.

Transfection with miRNA-30a mimic caused a decrease in the mRNA and protein expression of Beclin1 compared with control group (P< 0.05) . Meanwhile, the expression of LC3-Ⅱ protein was significantly lower than the control group (P< 0.05) ; By contrast, treatment with the miRNA-30a inhibitor resulted in an increase in beclin1 mRNA and protein (P< 0.05) . The LC3-Ⅱprotein was significantly increased as well in this group (P< 0.05) .

MiRNA-30a plays a suppressive effect on the expression of Beclin1 and autophagic activity in tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell lines.

Ectodermal dysplasia syndrome (EDs) is a congenital hereditary disorder characterized by various defects in hair, nails, teeth and sweat glands. Oral manifestations of ectodermal dysplasia include hypodontia or anodontia, malformed teeth, and underdeveloped alveolar ridges, causing severe functional, esthetic and psychological problems. Prosthodontic rehabilitation for those patients, including early and adult prosthetic treatment, is a challenging multidisciplinary approach, especially for the young kids who are usually unwilling to cooperate with the clinician. Any incorrect treatments may lead to negative effect to the patients. This review highlights recent advances in prosthetic strategies for patients with ectodermal dysplasia, aiming at providing professional guidance for clinical practice.

To observed the effect of oral treatments before chemotherapy on the incidence and the degree of inflammation of oral mucositis of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML)during the chemotherapeutic period. Provide preliminary evidence for clinical effect of oral intervention before chemotherapy on patients with hematopoietic system malignant tumor.

Seventy-four patients with AML were divided into two groups depend on whether they want to receive oral treatments before chemotherapy. Oral treatments plus chemotherapy group received comprehensive oral examinations and treatments prechemotherapy. The chemotherapy group was not given any oral treatment. Evaluated and recorded the incidence and degree of oral mucositis. Chi square test and Mann-Whitney U were used to compare the difference between the two groups.

The incidence of oral mucositis of the oral treatments plus chemotherapy group was less than the chemotherapy group(χ²=5.659, P=0.017), the degree of inflammation was also lower than that of the chemotherapy group(U=0, P=0).

Oral treatments before chemotherapy can reduce the incidence and the degree of inflammation of oral mucositis of patients with AML during the chemotherapeutic period. It has important clinical significance.

To investigate the effective methods in controlling cross infection of the hand contact area of dental units.

Ten dental units are randomly selected in outpatient department. The dental units are randomly divided into an experiment group and a control group, and each group has 5 chairs. Sterilization and disposable covers are used in the experiment group. Sterilization only is used in control group. Thirty samples are randomly taken in each group before and after infection control. The difference of bacteria colony number, operation time and cost effectiveness are compared between 2 groups before and after infection control.

Both methods can effectively control cross infection. The comparisons between control group and test group in bacteria colony number before cross infection control (t = -0.775, P = 0.338) , bacteria colony number after cross infection control (t = 0.383, P = 0.845) and cost accounting (t = -1.726, P = 0.421) were not statistically significant. The operation time of experiment group is longer than the control group (t = 24.190, P = 0.000) , and it′s of statistical difference.

Both methods can control the cross infection in the hand contact area of dental units. Sterilization and disposable covers method can reduce the secondary pollution of aerosol. The sterilization method is more time saving and more convenient.

To observe and evaluate the effect of two desensitizers application after non-surgical periodontal treatment on root dentinal hypersensitivity.

In this clinical trial 468 teeth of 120 patients with moderate to advanced periodontal disease were chosen. Patients were randomly divided into four groups: Group A - Duraphat, Group B - Duraphat and Fluor Protector, Group C - Fluor Protector, Group D-placebo agent. The results of desensitization in 4 groups were evaluated immediately, one week, 4 weeks after treatment by visual analogue scale, respectively.

Significant differences were found between the control group and the other three groups (χ² = 173.42, P = 0.000) . Significant differences were also found among the group B, group A and group C (χ² = 11.379, P = 0.003) . But no significant differences were found between group A and C (χ² = 0.026, P = 0.872) .

After non-surgical periodontal treatment, application of Duraphat plus Fluor Protector can reduce root dentinal hypersensitivity.

Mandible is one of the most sophisticated bones in human body. Defects of mandible can be caused by tumor, cyst, trauma, infection, and osteoradionecrosis (ORN) . Different defect situations may result in different functional deficits and reconstructive complexities. A logical classification system of mandibular defects is of great importance for reconstruction guidance, preoperative evaluations, and prognostic predictions. 17 classification systems have been proposed since 1974, however, none of them is universally used. This article will give us a brief comparison and review on existing classifications, and make a further discussion on the features of an ideal classification system.

To compare different effects of cells on titanium surfaces with different micro/nano structures, and to evaluate different functions of micro- and nano-features, respectively.

All the titanium disc samples were divided into four groups and accepted the following treatments: (1) sandblasted only (S) ; (2) sandblasted followed by acid-etching (SLA) ; (3) sandblasted followed by alkali-heat (SAH) ; (4) sandblasted followed by anodizing (SAN) . The surface topography, elemental component and roughness of samples were examined. Surface biocompatibility and osteogenic capability were evaluated by cell counting kit (CCK-8) and alkaline phosphate activity (ALP) in vitro. The level of significance was determined by a one-way ANOVA followed by a least significant difference (LSD) t-test for a multiple comparison procedure.

Surface of group S were showed only microtopography of pits, while the other three groups exhibited primary micro-structure modified by secondary nano-features of ditches (SLA) , nano-porous network layers (SAH) and nanotubes (SAN) , respectively. There was no significant difference of cell adhesion and proliferation in the 1st and 3rd day. Group SAH and SAN (1.546 and 1.528) enhanced cell proliferation significantly than Group S (1.31) in the 5th day (F = 3.229, P = 0.042) , in the 7th day, Group SAH and SAN (2.646 and 2.57) also significantly enhanced cell proliferation than Group S (2.24) (F = 3.51, P = 0.035) and induced affluent and stretched cell pseudopods. Moreover, pseudopods on the surface of group SAH grow into the network and wrap around the net to link to each other. In comparison, group SAH (77.656) significantly enhanced ALP activity in the 7th day than Group S, SLA and SAN (53.132, 51.052 and 62.207, respectively) (F = 29.734, P<0.001) , though the ALP activity of group SAN depressed in the early stage but enhanced significantly than Group S and SLA (82.885 and 73.303) in the 14th day (F = 46.052, P<0.001) .

Microstructures decided the roughness while nanostructures, especially nano-porous functioned in enhancing cell proliferation and differentiation. The forms of nano-porous induced cell pseudopods stretch, for which nano-porous network allowed cells to grow into and form extensive interlocking.

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) produces three-dimensional information of the oral and maxillofacial region with high spatial resolution and low effective radiation., especially for bones and teeth tissue It is an important tool for the examination of the oral and maxillofacial region. This article is to make recommendations for the use of CBCT for odontic and periapical diseases.

To evaluate the effect of porosity and pore size of the porous titanium on the protein adhesion and osteoblast differentiation from the perspective of molecular biology, thus to provide theoretical evidence for clinical application of porous titanium and to guide the optimal designer of porous titanium.

Through controlling particle sizes (Ⅰ: 0~200 μm, Ⅱ: 200~400 μm, Ⅲ: 400~600 μm) and weight ratios (A: 20%, B: 30%) of NH₄HCO₃, six groups of porous titanium samples with different porosities and pore sizes were fabricated by powder metallurgy process, dense titanium were made as control group, 10 specimens per group. The adhesive proteins were tested with protein quantification kit to evaluate the protein adsorption capacity of porous titanium. The gene expression of Runt transcription factor 2 (Runx2) , alkaline phosphatase (ALP) , and osteocalcin (OCN) of MC3T3-E1 cells were tested by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) .

All porous titanium groups showed higher protein adsorption than control group (P < 0.05) . The higher the mean porosity is and the smaller the mean pore size is, the more serum proteins adhere to compared with the other porous titanium groups (P < 0.05) . The porosity and pore size have interaction effects on differentiation of osteoblasts. Osteoblasts only expressed higher Runx2 gene on group AⅠ than control group at day 7 (P < 0.05) . While cells on control group expressed significantly higher levels of transcript for Runx2 than the cells on all porous Ti disks at day 14 (P < 0.05) . The gene expression of ALP is significantly higher compared with control group in all porous Ti disks on 7 and 14 day (P < 0.05) , BⅢ at day 7 and AⅠ, AⅢ at day 14 is excluded. For gene expression of OCN, on group AⅠ and BⅠ are higher than on dense Ti at day 7 (P < 0.05) ; on group BⅠ is higher than on dense Ti at day 14 (P < 0.05) .

All porous titanium groups shows higher protein adsorption than control group. The porous titanium with mean porosity of 53.3% and mean pore size of 191.6 μm facilitates the osteoblastic differentiation of mouse osteoblast precursor cells MC3T3-E1.