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中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版) ›› 2023, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (03) : 180 -187. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1366.2023.03.005

预防口腔医学专栏·论著

父母外出务工对玉林市玉州区留守儿童口腔健康相关指标的影响
刘传瑾1, 李伶2, 王园红1, 陈永洁3, 覃子芸3, 邱荣敏3,()   
  1. 1. 广西医科大学口腔医学院/附属口腔医院,广西口腔颌面修复与重建研究重点实验室,广西颅颌面畸形临床医学研究中心,广西壮族自治区卫生健康委员会口腔感染性疾病防治重点实验室,南宁 530021;广西玉林市第一人民医院口腔科,玉林 537000
    2. 广西医科大学口腔医学院/附属口腔医院,广西口腔颌面修复与重建研究重点实验室,广西颅颌面畸形临床医学研究中心,广西壮族自治区卫生健康委员会口腔感染性疾病防治重点实验室,南宁 530021;广西医科大学开元埌东医院口腔科,南宁 530029
    3. 广西医科大学口腔医学院/附属口腔医院,广西口腔颌面修复与重建研究重点实验室,广西颅颌面畸形临床医学研究中心,广西壮族自治区卫生健康委员会口腔感染性疾病防治重点实验室,南宁 530021
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-09 出版日期:2023-02-21
  • 通信作者: 邱荣敏

Impact of parental migration on oral health indicators of left-behind children in Yuzhou district, Yulin city

Chuanjin Liu1, Ling Li2, Yuanhong Wang1, Yongjie Chen3, Ziyun Qin3, Rongmin Qiu3,()   

  1. 1. College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment, Nanning 530021, China; Department of Stomatology, The First People′s Hospital of Yulin, Yulin 537000, China
    2. College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Medical University, Department of Stomatology, Kaiyuan Langdong Hospital, Nanning 530029, China
    3. College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment, Nanning 530021, China
  • Received:2023-04-09 Published:2023-02-21
  • Corresponding author: Rongmin Qiu
  • Supported by:
    Guangxi Key R&D Program(2021AB11097); Development and Promotion and Application of Guangxi Medical and Health Appropriate Technology(S2020041); Guangxi Medicine and Health Self-funded Scientific Research Project(20191651); Science and Technology Plan of Qingxiu District, Nanning City(2020039)
引用本文:

刘传瑾, 李伶, 王园红, 陈永洁, 覃子芸, 邱荣敏. 父母外出务工对玉林市玉州区留守儿童口腔健康相关指标的影响[J]. 中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(03): 180-187.

Chuanjin Liu, Ling Li, Yuanhong Wang, Yongjie Chen, Ziyun Qin, Rongmin Qiu. Impact of parental migration on oral health indicators of left-behind children in Yuzhou district, Yulin city[J]. Chinese Journal of Stomatological Research(Electronic Edition), 2023, 17(03): 180-187.

目的

探讨父母外出务工对广西壮族自治区玉林市农村低龄儿童口腔健康相关指标的影响,为玉林市农村低龄留守儿童口腔健康促进提供依据。

方法

于2021年9月在玉林市玉州区的乡镇中抽签随机抽取3个乡镇,对抽取的乡镇中的农村幼儿园编号,再在每个乡镇中抽取4所农村幼儿园,总共12所幼儿园,共抽取1 300名3 ~ 5岁农村户口儿童进行口腔检查,对其家长进行口腔健康问卷调查,对比分析留守儿童和非留守儿童在人口学、社会经济学和口腔健康相关指标之间的差异,并采用多因素分析父母外出务工对儿童口腔健康相关指标的影响。

结果

广西壮族自治区玉林市玉州区留守儿童的患龋率(79.0%)、龋均(5.2 ± 4.6)高于非留守儿童患龋率(62.9%)和龋均(3.6 ± 4.3),差异具有统计学意义(χ2患龋率 = 31.639,P患龋率<0.001;χ2龋均 = 5.715,P龋均<0.001)。留守儿童进食甜食频率≥1次/天的比例(75.5%)高于非留守儿童(68.8%),差异有统计学意义(χ2 = 6.163,P = 0.013);留守儿童含糖类液体奶瓶入睡的比例(38.0%)高于非留守儿童(31.3%),差异有统计学意义(χ2 = 5.496,P = 0.019);留守儿童使用含氟牙膏的比例(14.9%)及家长的口腔健康态度得分[(5.5 ± 1.8)分]分别低于非留守儿童使用含氟牙膏比例(19.9%)和家长的口腔健康态度得分[(5.8 ± 1.6)分],差异具有统计学意义(χ2使用含氟牙膏 = 4.474,P使用含氟牙膏 = 0.034;t口腔健康态度得分 = -4.647,P口腔健康态度得分 = 0.008)。留守儿童中可视菌斑指数>20%者的比例为59.8%,高于非留守儿童(45.1%),差异有统计学意义(χ2 = 23.137,P<0.001)。多因素回归分析显示,留守儿童进食甜食频率≥1次/天的比例较非留守儿童高(OR = 1.368,95% CI = 1.040 ~ 1.801);留守儿童的家长口腔健康态度得分比非留守儿童低(t = -2.168,P = 0.030,95% CI = -0.406 ~ -0.020);留守儿童可视菌斑指数>20%的比例较非留守儿童高(OR = 1.658,95% CI = 1.278 ~ 2.152);留守儿童的患龋风险是非留守儿童的1.958倍(OR = 1.958,95% CI = 1.378 ~ 2.781)。

结论

广西壮族自治区玉林市玉州区农村低龄留守儿童的口腔健康行为及口腔卫生情况较非留守儿童差,父母外出务工是玉林玉州区农村低龄留守儿童进食甜食频率高、家长口腔健康态度不积极、口腔卫生状况差及患龋率高的重要危险因素。

Objective

This study aimed to explore the influence of migration on the oral health outcomes among the early childhood children in Yulin, and provide a basis for promoting rural left-behind children′s oral health in Yulin.

Methods

In September 2021, three townships were randomly selected in the townships of Yuzhou District, Yulin City. The rural kindergartens were numbered in the selected townships, then four rural kindergartens were randomly selected in each township, and a total of 12 kindergartens with 1 300 rural children at the age of 3-5 years were recruited for oral examination. Their deciduous teeth were examined by dentists and oral health questionnaire survey was conducted for their parents. The differences between the left-behind and non-left-behind children were analyzed in demographic, socioeconomics and oral health related indicators. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influence of parental migration factors on oral health related indicators.

Results

The caries prevalence of the left-behind children (79.0%) was higher than that of the non-left-behind children (62.9%) with statistical significance ( χ2 = 31.639, P<0.001) . The mean dmft of the left-behind children (5.2 ± 4.6) was significantly higher than that of the non-left-behind children (3.6 ± 4.3, χ2 = 5.715, P<0.001) . The proportion of the left-behind children taking sweetmeats more than once a day (75.5%) was statistically higher than that of the non-left-behind children (68.8%, χ2 = 6.163, P = 0.013) . The proportion of the left-behind children sleeping with sugary liquid bottles (38.0%) was significantly higher than that of the non-left-behind children (31.3%, χ2 = 5.496, P = 0.019) . The proportion of the left-behind children using fluoride toothpaste (14.9%) was significantly lower than that of the non-left-behind children (19.9%, χ2 = 4.474, P = 0.034) . The oral health attitude scores of the parents in the left-behind children group (5.5 ± 1.8) were statistically lower than those of the parents in the non-left-behind children group (5.8 ± 1.6, t = -4.647, P = 0.008) . The proportion of the visible plaque index over 20% in the left-behind children group (59.8%) was significantly higher than that of the non-left-behind children group (45.1%, χ2 = 23.137, P<0.001) . The proportion of the left-behind children taking sweetmeats more than once a day was higher than that of the non-left-behind children (OR = 1.368, 95% CI = 1.040-1.801) . The oral health attitude scores of the parents in the left-behind children group were lower than those of the non-left-behind children group (t = -2.168, P = 0.030, 95% CI = -0.406--0.020) . The proportion of the visible plaque index in the left-behind children group was higher than that of the non-left-behind children group (OR = 1.658, 95% CI = 1.278-2.152) . The risk of caries in the left-behind children was 1.958 times higher than that of the non-left-behind children (OR = 1.958, 95% CI = 1.378-2.781) .

Conclusions

The oral health behavior and oral hygiene of the rural left-behind children in Yuzhou District, Yulin, were worse than those of the non-left-behind children, and the caries prevalence of deciduous teeth in the former was higher than that of the latter. Parental migration might be a significant factor on the high frequency of sweets intake, low parental oral health attitude, low oral hygiene and high caries prevalence of the rural early childhood children in Yuzhou District.

表1 本研究留守儿童与非留守儿童在人口学和经济学指标之间的比较[例(%)]
表2 留守儿童与非留守儿童的口腔健康相关指标比较
变量 留守儿童 非留守儿童 检验值 P
口腔健康行为[例(%)]        
进食甜食频率     χ2=6.163 0.013
<1次/天 92(24.5) 290(31.4)    
≥1次/天 284(75.5) 634(68.6)    
睡前吃甜食或饮料     χ2=0.633 0.426
从不 315(83.8) 757(82.0)    
经常、偶尔 61(16.2) 167(18.0)    
含糖类液体奶瓶入睡     χ2=5.496 0.019
从不 233(62.0) 635(68.7)    
经常、偶尔 143(38.0) 289(31.3)    
开始刷牙年龄     χ2=0.15 0.698
<3岁 109(29.0) 258(27.9)    
≥3岁 267(71.0) 666(72.1)    
每天刷牙次数     χ2=0.016 0.900
≥2次/天 62(16.5) 155(16.7)    
<2次/天 314(83.5) 769(83.3)    
家长帮助孩子刷牙的频率     χ2=0.004 0.950
每天 44(11.7) 107(11.6)    
不是每天 332(88.3) 817(88.4)    
使用含氟牙膏     χ2=4.474 0.034
56(14.9) 184(19.9)    
320(85.1) 740(80.1)    
口腔健康状况        
患龋状况[例(%)]     χ2=31.639 <0.001
无龋 79(21.0) 343(37.1)    
有龋 297(79.0) 581(62.9)    
龋均(±s 5.2 ± 4.6 3.6 ± 4.3 χ2=5.715 <0.001
可视菌斑指数[例(%)]     χ2=23.137 <0.001
≤20% 151(40.2) 507(54.9)    
>20% 225(59.8) 417(45.1)    
家长的口腔健康知识得分(分,±s 8.0 ± 4.2 8.3 ± 4.1 t = -1.479 0.135
家长的口腔健康态度得分(分,±s 5.5 ± 1.8 5.8 ± 1.6 t = -4.647 0.008
表3 影响进食甜食频率的多因素分析结果
表4 影响家长口腔健康态度得分的多因素分析结果
表5 影响可视菌斑指数的多因素分析结果
变量 全模型 调整模型
OR值 95% CI P OR值 95% CI P
留守儿童            
Ref     Ref    
1.655 1.273 ~ 2.151 <0.001 1.658 1.278 ~ 2.152 <0.001
年龄            
3岁 Ref     Ref    
4岁 2.231 1.635 ~ 3.044 <0.001 2.279 1.673 ~ 3.104 <0.001
5岁 3.804 2.832 ~ 5.111 <0.001 3.898 2.911 ~ 5.219 <0.001
母亲受教育年限            
>12年 Ref     Ref    
≤12年 1.591 0.936 ~ 2.706 0.086 1.737 1.033 ~ 2.920 0.037
父亲受教育年限            
>12年 Ref          
≤12年 1.896 0.98 ~ 3.667 0.057      
家庭人均月收入            
≥3 000元 Ref     Ref    
<3 000元 1.386 1.032 ~ 1.861 0.030 1.443 1.082 ~ 1.924 0.012
进食甜食频率            
≥1次/天 1.216 0.927 ~ 1.596 0.157      
<1次/天 Ref          
睡前吃甜食或饮料            
从不 Ref     Ref    
经常、偶尔 1.411 1.013 ~ 1.967 0.042 1.420 1.023 ~ 1.969 0.036
含糖类液体奶瓶入睡            
从不 Ref     Ref    
经常、偶尔 1.665 1.267 ~ 2.189 <0.001 1.798 1.382 ~ 2.338 <0.001
开始刷牙年龄            
<3岁 Ref          
≥3岁 0.989 0.749 ~ 1.307 0.941      
每天刷牙次数            
≥2次/天 Ref          
<2次/天 1.051 0.738 ~ 1.497 0.782      
家长帮孩子刷牙频率            
每天 Ref          
不是每天 1.341 0.811 ~ 2.041 0.172      
使用含氟牙膏            
Ref     Ref    
1.858 1.319 ~ 2.615 <0.001 2.063 1.495 ~ 2.846 <0.001
家长的口腔健康知识得分 0.989 0.957 ~ 1.023 0.530      
家长的口腔健康态度得分 0.959 0.885 ~ 1.040 0.310      
表6 影响患龋状况的多因素分析结果
变量 全模型 调整模型
OR值 95% CI P OR值 95% CI P
留守儿童            
Ref     Ref   -
1.904 1.337 ~ 2.710 <0.001 1.958 1.378 ~ 2.781 <0.001
年龄            
3岁 Ref     Ref    
4岁 1.575 1.083 ~ 2.289 0.017 1.536 1.061 ~ 2.224 0.023
5岁 2.325 1.608 ~ 3.362 <0.001 2.205 1.553~ 3.172 <0.001
母亲受教育年限            
>12年 Ref          
≤12年 0.914 0.519 ~ 1.609 0.756      
父亲受教育年限            
>12年 Ref          
≤12年 1.468 0.741 ~ 2.907 0.271      
家庭人均月收入            
≥3 000元 Ref          
<3 000元 0.974 0.679 ~ 1.397 0.887      
进食甜食频率            
≥1次/天 1.479 1.060 ~ 2.063 0.021 1.533 1.109 ~ 2.121 0.010
<1次/天 Ref     Ref    
睡前吃甜食或饮料            
从不 Ref     Ref    
经常、偶尔 1.523 1.023 ~ 2.266 0.038 1.658 1.128 ~ 2.436 0.010
含糖类液体奶瓶入睡            
从不 Ref          
经常、偶尔 1.259 0.878 ~ 1.805 0.211      
开始刷牙年龄            
<3岁 Ref          
≥3岁 0.932 0.660 ~ 1.314 0.686      
每天刷牙次数            
≥2次/天 Ref     Ref    
<2次/天 1.449 0.935 ~ 2.246 0.097 1.546 1.012 ~ 2.361 0.044
家长帮孩子刷牙频率            
每天 Ref     Ref    
不是每天 1.650 1.005 ~ 2.709 0.048 1.695 1.049 ~ 2.739 0.031
使用含氟牙膏            
Ref          
1.366 0.918 ~ 2.033 0.124      
可视菌斑指数            
≤20% Ref     Ref    
>20% 18.73 12.70 ~ 27.64 <0.001 19.76 13.44 ~ 29.05 <0.001
家长的口腔健康知识得分 0.936 0.897 ~ 0.897 0.002 0.918 0.883 ~ 0.953 <0.001
家长的口腔健康态度得分 0.949 0.855 ~ 1.052 0.319      
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