广义的口腔微生物组是生活在口腔中的微生物构成的生态群落与宿主之间的动态相互作用的集合，这些微生物形成了复杂的、与人类宿主共生的生态系统，这种相对稳定的生态系统也被称为口腔微生态。“生态菌斑假说”是目前被广泛接受的龋病病因学假说之一，其认为在健康状态下口腔微生态保持平衡，当口腔环境发生改变时生态平衡被打破，推动口腔内共生微生物群落向致病性生物膜群落转变，引起微生态失调，最终导致龋病的发生。根据“生态菌斑假说”观点，维护或恢复口腔微生态平衡是当前防治龋病的重要目标。益生元、抗菌肽、纳米颗粒、天然物质、益生菌和噬菌体等新兴生物材料与技术因其独特的优势成为防龋领域的研究热点，在龋病防治领域具有巨大潜力。本文从调控口腔微生态平衡角度综述当前防龋生物材料和技术在龋病防治中的研究及其进展，以期为未来的龋病防治药物研发提供理论基础。

The oralome is the collection of dynamic interactions between the ecological communities of oral microorganisms living in the oral cavity and their hosts，and these microorganisms make up the complex ecosystem which is symbiotic with the human host， also known as oral microecology. The "ecological plaque hypothesis" is one of the most widely accepted hypotheses on the etiology of caries，which suggests that the microecology in the oral cavity maintains a healthy state. The oral environment changed and disturbed the normal ecological balance which pushes the symbiotic microbial community transform into a pathogenicbiofilm community， causing microecology dysbiosis and ultimately leading to the occurrence of dental caries. Thus，maintaining or restoring oral microecological balance is a significant goal in the prevention and treatment of dental caries.Emerging biomaterials and technologies such as prebiotics，antimicrobial peptides， nanoparticles， natural substances，probiotics and phages have become the hotspots in the field of caries prevention because of their unique advantages and great potential. In this article，we review above anti - caries biomaterials in dental caries prevention from the perspective of regulating oral microecological balance，providing a theoretical basis for the future research.