低温老化对第三代氧化锆影响的研究进展

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1366.2022.06.009

氧化锆因其良好的力学性能和生物相容性，被广泛应用于口腔修复治疗中。然而，第一代和第二代氧化锆半透性较差，前牙区美学修复效果不够理想。此外，前两代氧化锆易受低温老化影响，力学性能下降。第三代氧化锆在前两代基础上改变了氧化锆的晶相组成，提高立方相的含量，显著增加了材料的半透性。但是，低温老化对第三代氧化锆性能的影响，尚缺乏系统研究。因此，本文系统阐述低温老化对第三代氧化锆力学性能、物理性能和光学性能的影响，以期对氧化锆材料的应用及发展提供帮助。

关键词: 氧化锆, 低温老化, 相变, 半透性, 弯曲强度

Zirconia has been introduced into dental practice for its excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, the translucency of the first and second generations of zirconia is not sufficient for esthetic restorations. The first and second generations of zirconia are also susceptible to low-temperature degradation, which results in the compromised mechanical properties. By increasing the content of cubic phase, different crystal structure of the third-generation zirconia obtained, and the translucency is remarkably increased. Nevertheless, whether the performances of third-generation zirconia would be affected by low-temperature degradation remains unclear. This review comprehensively summarized the mechanical, physical and optical properties of the third-generation zirconia after low-temperature degradation, to provide theoretical basis for the development and clinical application of zirconia restorations.

Key words: Zirconia, Low-temperature degradation, Phase transformation, Translucency, Flexural strength

表1 三代氧化锆的晶相与性能^[12,13]

晶相/性能	第一代	第二代	第三代
主晶相	3Y-TZP	3Y-TZP	4Y-TZP	5Y-TZP
晶相结构（立方相含量）	<15% c	<15% c	>25% c	>70% c
弯曲强度（MPa）	1000 ~ 1500	900 ~ 1300	600 ~ 1000	400 ~ 900
断裂韧性（MPa·m^-2）	3.5 ~ 4.5	3.5 ~ 4.5	2.5 ~ 3.5	2.2 ~ 2.7
弹性模量（GPa）	200 ~ 210	200 ~ 210	200 ~ 210	200 ~ 210
半透性（1 mm TP值）	基本不透光	15 ~ 20	~ 30	~ 35

表1 三代氧化锆的晶相与性能^[12,13]

晶相/性能	第一代	第二代	第三代
主晶相	3Y-TZP	3Y-TZP	4Y-TZP	5Y-TZP
晶相结构（立方相含量）	<15% c	<15% c	>25% c	>70% c
弯曲强度（MPa）	1000 ~ 1500	900 ~ 1300	600 ~ 1000	400 ~ 900
断裂韧性（MPa·m^-2）	3.5 ~ 4.5	3.5 ~ 4.5	2.5 ~ 3.5	2.2 ~ 2.7
弹性模量（GPa）	200 ~ 210	200 ~ 210	200 ~ 210	200 ~ 210
半透性（1 mm TP值）	基本不透光	15 ~ 20	~ 30	~ 35

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Research progress on low-temperature degradation of the third-generation zirconia

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Research progress on low-temperature degradation of the third-generation zirconia