Research progress on stem cell spheroids in the field of dental pulp regeneration

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.119285-20260410-00037

Abstract

Abstract:

Pulp and periapical diseases are prevalent conditions in dentistry, yet current clinical treatment approaches all exhibit certain limitations. Functional regeneration of dental pulp has progressively become a focal point and hot topic in oral medicine research, with stem cell transplantation technology being particularly significant. Compared to single-cell transplantation, stem cell spheroids can enhance post-transplantation cell survival rates; simultaneously, compared to two-dimensional culture, spheroids more accurately mimic the in vivo microenvironment, maintaining superior biological properties of stem cells and demonstrating significant potential in tissue regeneration. This article systematically reviews the structure, formation mechanism, and influencing factors of stem cell spheroids, with a particular emphasis on summarizing research progress in the field of pulp regeneration. It analyses existing challenges and future directions, providing a reference for subsequent basic research and clinical translation.

Key words: Spheroids, Stem cells, Dental pulp regeneration, Three-dimensional cell culture, Regenerative medicine

Xiaoyi Wang, Zheyi Sun, Lijun Huo. Research progress on stem cell spheroids in the field of dental pulp regeneration[J]. Chinese Journal of Stomatological Research(Electronic Edition), 2026, 20(05): 383-388.

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References 46

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文献	干细胞来源	微球制备方法	动物模型	主要结果	局限性
Dissanayaka等^[33]	DPSC + HUVEC	微孔阵列法	免疫缺陷小鼠皮下移植	形成血管化牙髓样组织，可见类成牙本质细胞	缺乏功能性牙根发育的长期观察
Zhang等^[34]	DPSC	静电微滴法	裸鼠皮下移植	促牙髓样组织再生及新微血管形成	长期血管稳定性待验证，生物安全性未评估
Liang等^[35]	DPSC + HUVEC	GelMA纤维载体	裸鼠皮下移植	生成牙髓样组织、血管及成牙本质样细胞	是否适用于临床根管注射未验证
Li等^[36]	DPSC、SHED	微孔阵列法	裸鼠皮下移植	通过Zn²⁺激活PI3K-AKT通路促血管生成	纳米材料长期生物安全性需评估
Yuan等^[37]	SHED	低黏附培养板	裸鼠皮下移植	适度生理性缺氧平衡活力与促血管能力	最佳尺寸可能因细胞类型而异
Jian等^[38]	DPSC	低黏附培养板	裸鼠皮下移植	促进血管化和神经标志物表达	未证实功能性神经支配
Ding等^[39]	SHED	低黏附培养板	裸鼠皮下移植	有效促进牙髓牙本质样组织的再生	RNA-seq结果并未阐明具体信号通路
Duan等^[40]	HERS	基质胶辅助法	大鼠肾囊下/皮下移植	矿化增强	移植后新生组织来源未明确
Griffin等^[41]	胚胎牙细胞	悬滴法	免疫正常小鼠皮下移植	形成完整牙齿结构	细胞来源伦理及未形成完整的、功能性牙周膜附着
	PDLSC + HUVEC	微孔芯片法	大鼠上颌第一磨牙牙周缺损模型	促进牙骨质形成	未评估牙周膜质量、功能附着及长期稳定
	皮质骨来源MSC	低黏附培养板	免疫缺陷小鼠皮下移植	促进牙槽嵴新骨形成	机械强度及长期骨重塑效果有待验证

文献	干细胞来源	微球制备方法	动物模型	主要结果	局限性
Dissanayaka等^[33]	DPSC + HUVEC	微孔阵列法	免疫缺陷小鼠皮下移植	形成血管化牙髓样组织，可见类成牙本质细胞	缺乏功能性牙根发育的长期观察
Zhang等^[34]	DPSC	静电微滴法	裸鼠皮下移植	促牙髓样组织再生及新微血管形成	长期血管稳定性待验证，生物安全性未评估
Liang等^[35]	DPSC + HUVEC	GelMA纤维载体	裸鼠皮下移植	生成牙髓样组织、血管及成牙本质样细胞	是否适用于临床根管注射未验证
Li等^[36]	DPSC、SHED	微孔阵列法	裸鼠皮下移植	通过Zn²⁺激活PI3K-AKT通路促血管生成	纳米材料长期生物安全性需评估
Yuan等^[37]	SHED	低黏附培养板	裸鼠皮下移植	适度生理性缺氧平衡活力与促血管能力	最佳尺寸可能因细胞类型而异
Jian等^[38]	DPSC	低黏附培养板	裸鼠皮下移植	促进血管化和神经标志物表达	未证实功能性神经支配
Ding等^[39]	SHED	低黏附培养板	裸鼠皮下移植	有效促进牙髓牙本质样组织的再生	RNA-seq结果并未阐明具体信号通路
Duan等^[40]	HERS	基质胶辅助法	大鼠肾囊下/皮下移植	矿化增强	移植后新生组织来源未明确
Griffin等^[41]	胚胎牙细胞	悬滴法	免疫正常小鼠皮下移植	形成完整牙齿结构	细胞来源伦理及未形成完整的、功能性牙周膜附着
	PDLSC + HUVEC	微孔芯片法	大鼠上颌第一磨牙牙周缺损模型	促进牙骨质形成	未评估牙周膜质量、功能附着及长期稳定
	皮质骨来源MSC	低黏附培养板	免疫缺陷小鼠皮下移植	促进牙槽嵴新骨形成	机械强度及长期骨重塑效果有待验证

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