Piezoelectric hydrogels are a class of novel biomaterials fabricated by integrating piezoelectric materials with conventional hydrogel networks. Endowed with piezoelectric properties, they are capable of converting mechanical stimuli into bioelectrical signals that orchestrate tissue regeneration. By utilizing the microelectric fields derived from the piezoelectric effect to actively regulate cellular behaviors, they provide a novel strategy for achieving functional tissue repair. This review systematically delineates their application potential in promoting oral mucosal healing, periodontal and peri-implant bone regeneration, and jawbone defect repair. It further explores the biological mechanisms underlying tissue regeneration and the critical factors governing material performance. Additionally, it analyzes current challenges in mechanistic elucidation, material property matching, and preclinical evaluation, and provides an outlook on future development directions.