Research progress of stromal cell derived factor-1/CXC-chemokine receptor 4 axis in bone-immune related diseases

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1366.2023.03.010

Abstract

Abstract:

Osteoimmunology is an interdisciplinarity which combines the fields of bone biology and immunology, and has been paid close attention to and deeply explored by scholars in recent years. Stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is a chemokine that affects various physiological pathways. CXC-chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is widely expressed in cells of various systems and participates in physiological and pathological processes. In bone-immune diseases, CXCR4 binds to SDF-1 and subsequently activates downstream signaling pathways, which plays an important role in angiogenesis, immune response, bone resorption and bone formation. In this review, the functions and mechanisms of SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in bone-immune system, its research progress in bone-immune related diseases as well as its prospect in the future were discussed.

Key words: Stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1), Receptors, CXCR4, Inflammatory response, Bone diseases, Osteoimmunology

Haotian Luo, Danying Chen, Weicai Wang, Chen Zhou. Research progress of stromal cell derived factor-1/CXC-chemokine receptor 4 axis in bone-immune related diseases[J]. Chinese Journal of Stomatological Research(Electronic Edition), 2023, 17(03): 218-227.

/ / Recommend

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://zhkqyxyjzz.cma-cmc.com.cn/EN/10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1366.2023.03.010

https://zhkqyxyjzz.cma-cmc.com.cn/EN/Y2023/V17/I03/218

References 119

[1]	Khan P, Fatima M, Khan MA，et al. Emerging role of chemokines in small cell lung cancer：Road signs for metastasis，heterogeneity，and immune response[J]. Semin Cancer Biol，2022,87:117-126. DOI：10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.11.005.
[2]	Nagarsheth N, Wicha MS, Zou W. Chemokines in the cancer microenvironment and their relevance in cancer immunotherapy[J]. Nat Rev Immunol，2017,17(9):559-572. DOI：10.1038/nri.2017.49.
[3]	Ratajczak MZ, Zuba-Surma E, Kucia M，et al. The pleiotropic effects of the SDF-1-CXCR4 axis in organogenesis，regeneration and tumorigenesis[J]. Leukemia，2006,20(11):1915-1924. DOI：10.1038/sj.leu.2404357.
[4]	Broussas M, Boute N, Akla B，et al. A new anti-CXCR4 antibody that blocks the CXCR4/SDF-1 axis and mobilizes effector cells[J]. Mol Cancer Ther，2016,15(8):1890-1899. DOI：10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-16-0041.
[5]	Sadri F, Rezaei Z, Fereidouni M. The significance of the SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway in the normal development[J]. Mol Biol Rep，2022,49(4):3307-3320. DOI：10.1007/s11033-021-07069-3.
[6]	Mousavi A. CXCL12/CXCR4 signal transduction in diseases and its molecular approaches in targeted-therapy[J]. Immunol Lett，2020,217:91-115. DOI：10.1016/j.imlet.2019.11.007.
[7]	Altschul SF, Madden TL, Schäffer AA，et al. Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST：A new generation of protein database search programs[J]. Nucleic Acids Res，1997,25(17):3389-3402. DOI：10.1093/nar/25.17.3389.
[8]	Janssens R, Struyf S, Proost P. Pathological roles of the homeostatic chemokine CXCL12[J]. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev，2018,44:51-68. DOI：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.10.004.
[9]	Gros J, Manceau M, Thomé V，et al. A common somitic origin for embryonic muscle progenitors and satellite cells[J]. Nature，2005,435(7044):954-958. DOI：10.1038/nature03572.
[10]	Kim M, Kim DI, Kim EK，et al. CXCR4 overexpression in human adipose tissue-derived stem cells improves homing and engraftment in an animal limb ischemia model[J]. Cell Transplantation，2017,26(2):191-204. DOI：10.3727/096368916X692708.
[11]	Cui L, Qu H, Xiao T，et al. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 and its receptor CXCR4 in adult neurogenesis after cerebral ischemia[J]. Restor Neurol Neurosci，2013,31(3):239-251. DOI：10.3233/RNN-120271.
[12]	Petri RM, Hackel A, Hahnel K，et al. Activated tissue-resident mesenchymal stromal cells regulate natural killer cell immune and tissue-regenerative function[J]. Stem Cell Reports，2017,9(3):985-998. DOI：10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.06.020.
[13]	Ullah TR. The role of CXCR4 in multiple myeloma：Cells′journey from bone marrow to beyond[J]. J Bone Oncol，2019,17:100253. DOI：10.1016/j.jbo.2019.100253.
[14]	Li JH, Hamdan FF, Kim SK，et al. Ligand-specific changes in M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor structure detected by a disulfide scanning strategy[J]. Biochemistry，2008,47(9):2776-2788. DOI：10.1021/bi7019113.
[15]	Busillo JM, Benovic JL. Regulation of CXCR4 signaling[J]. Biochim Biophys Acta，2007,1768(4):952-963. DOI：10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.11.002.
[16]	Singh P, Mohammad KS, Pelus LM. CXCR4 expression in the bone marrow microenvironment is required for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell maintenance and early hematopoietic regeneration after myeloablation[J]. Stem Cells，2020,38(7):849-859. DOI：10.1002/stem.3174.
[17]	García-Cuesta EM, Santiago CA, Vallejo-Díaz J，et al. The role of the CXCL12/CXCR4/ACKR3 axis in autoimmune diseases[J]. Front Endocrinol（Lausanne），2019,10:585. DOI：10.3389/fendo.2019.00585.
[18]	Merino JJ, Bellver-Landete V, Oset-Gasque MJ，et al. CXCR4/CXCR7 molecular involvement in neuronal and neural progenitor migration：Focus in CNS repair[J]. J Cell Physiol，2015,230(1):27-42. DOI：10.1002/jcp.24695.
[19]	Décaillot FM, Kazmi MA, Lin Y，et al. CXCR7/CXCR4 heterodimer constitutively recruits beta-arrestin to enhance cell migration[J]. J Biol Chem，2011,286(37):32188-32197. DOI：10.1074/jbc.M111.277038.
[20]	Yamaguchi J, Kusano KF, Masuo O，et al. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 effects on ex vivo expanded endothelial progenitor cell recruitment for ischemic neovascularization[J]. Circulation，2003,107(9):1322-1328. DOI：10.1161/01.cir.0000055313.77510.22.
[21]	Horton JE, Raisz LG, Simmons HA，et al. Bone resorbing activity in supernatant fluid from cultured human peripheral blood leukocytes[J]. Science，1972,177(4051):793-795. DOI：10.1126/science.177.4051.793.
[22]	Arron JR, Choi Y. Bone versus immune system[J]. Nature，2000,408(6812):535-536. DOI：10.1038/35046196.
[23]	Takayanagi H, Ogasawara K, Hida S，et al. T-cell-mediated regulation of osteoclastogenesis by signalling cross-talk between RANKL and IFN-gamma[J]. Nature，2000,408(6812):600-605. DOI：10.1038/35046102.
[24]	Okamoto K, Nakashima T, Shinohara M，et al. Osteoimmunology：The conceptual framework unifying the immune and skeletal systems[J]. Physiol Rev，2017,97(4):1295-1349. DOI：10.1152/physrev.00036.2016.
[25]	Tsukasaki M, Takayanagi H. Osteoimmunology：Evolving concepts in bone-immune interactions in health and disease[J]. Nat Rev Immunol，2019,19(10):626-642. DOI：10.1038/s41577-019-0178-8.
[26]	Takayanagi H. Osteoimmunology as an intrinsic part of immunology[J]. Int Immunol，2021,33(12):673-678. DOI：10.1093/intimm/dxab057.
[27]	Greenbaum A, Hsu YMS, Day RB，et al. CXCL12 in early mesenchymal progenitors is required for haematopoietic stem-cell maintenance[J]. Nature，2013,495(7440):227-230. DOI：10.1038/nature11926.
[28]	Yu VWC, Saez B, Cook C，et al. Specific bone cells produce DLL4 to generate thymus-seeding progenitors from bone marrow[J]. J Exp Med，2015,212(5):759-774. DOI：10.1084/jem.20141843.
[29]	Mansour A, Abou-Ezzi G, Sitnicka E，et al. Osteoclasts promote the formation of hematopoietic stem cell niches in the bone marrow[J]. J Exp Med，2012,209(3):537-549. DOI：10.1084/jem.20110994.
[30]	Teufel S, Grötsch B, Luther J，et al. Inhibition of bone remodeling in young mice by bisphosphonate displaces the plasma cell niche into the spleen[J]. J Immunol，2014,193(1):223-233. DOI：10.4049/jimmunol.1302713.
[31]	Charles JF, Hsu LY, Niemi EC，et al. Inflammatory arthritis increases mouse osteoclast precursors with myeloid suppressor function[J]. J Clin Invest，2012,122(12):4592-4605. DOI：10.1172/JCI60920.
[32]	Sato M, Asada N, Kawano Y，et al. Osteocytes regulate primary lymphoid organs and fat metabolism[J]. Cell Metab，2013,18(5):749-758. DOI：10.1016/j.cmet.2013.09.014.
[33]	Dar HY, Azam Z, Anupam R，et al. Osteoimmunology：The Nexus between bone and immune system[J]. Front Biosci （Landmark Ed），2018,23(3):464-492. DOI：10.2741/4600.
[34]	Weitzmann MN, Ofotokun I. Physiological and pathophysiological bone turnover-role of the immune system[J]. Nat Rev Endocrinol，2016,12(9):518-532. DOI：10.1038/nrendo.2016.91.
[35]	Guder C, Gravius S, Burger C，et al. Osteoimmunology：A current update of the interplay between bone and the immune system[J]. Front Immunol，2020,11:58. DOI：10.3389/fimmu.2020.00058.
[36]	Gravallese EM, Schett G. Effects of the IL-23-IL-17 pathway on bone in spondyloarthritis[J]. Nat Rev Rheumatol，2018,14(11):631-640. DOI：10.1038/s41584-018-0091-8.
[37]	Huang Y, Tian C, Li Q，et al. TET1 knockdown inhibits Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS/IFN-γ-Induced M1 macrophage polarization through the NF-κB pathway in THP-1 cells[J]. Int J Mol Sci，2019,20(8):E2023. DOI：10.3390/ijms20082023.
[38]	Yu M, D′Amelio P, Tyagi AM，et al. Regulatory T cells are expanded by Teriparatide treatment in humans and mediate intermittent PTH-induced bone anabolism in mice[J]. EMBO Rep，2018,19(1):156-171. DOI：10.15252/embr.201744421.
[39]	Viniegra A, Goldberg H, Çil Ç，et al. Resolving macrophages counter osteolysis by anabolic actions on bone cells[J]. J Dent Res，2018,97(10):1160-1169. DOI：10.1177/0022034518777973.
[40]	Ara T, Tokoyoda K, Sugiyama T，et al. Long-term hematopoietic stem cells require stromal cell-derived factor-1 for colonizing bone marrow during ontogeny[J]. Immunity，2003,19(2):257-267. DOI：10.1016/s1074-7613(03)00201-2.
[41]	Cencioni C, Capogrossi MC, Napolitano M. The SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in stem cell preconditioning[J]. Cardiovasc Res，2012,94(3):400-407. DOI：10.1093/cvr/cvs132.
[42]	Petit I, Szyper-Kravitz M, Nagler A，et al. G-CSF induces stem cell mobilization by decreasing bone marrow SDF-1 and up-regulating CXCR4[J]. Nat Immunol，2002,3(7):687-694. DOI：10.1038/ni813.
[43]	Leeper NJ, Hunter AL, Cooke JP. Stem cell therapy for vascular regeneration：Adult，embryonic，and induced pluripotent stem cells[J]. Circulation，2010,122(5):517-526. DOI：10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.881441.
[44]	Ko IK, Lee SJ, Atala A，et al. In situ tissue regeneration through host stem cell recruitment[J]. Exp Mol Med，2013,45:e57. DOI：10.1038/emm.2013.118.
[45]	Ganju RK, Brubaker SA, Meyer J，et al. The alpha-chemokine，stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha，binds to the transmembrane G-protein-coupled CXCR-4 receptor and activates multiple signal transduction pathways[J]. J Biol Chem，1998,273(36):23169-23175. DOI：10.1074/jbc.273.36.23169.
[46]	Teicher BA, Fricker SP. CXCL12（SDF-1）/CXCR4 pathway in cancer[J]. Clin Cancer Res，2010,16(11):2927-2931. DOI：10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-2329.
[47]	Trautmann F, Cojoc M, Kurth I，et al. CXCR4 as biomarker for radioresistant cancer stem cells[J]. Int J Radiat Biol，2014,90(8):687-699. DOI：10.3109/09553002.2014.906766.
[48]	Penn MS. Importance of the SDF-1：CXCR4 axis in myocardial repair[J]. Circ Res，2009,104(10):1133-1135. DOI：10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.109.198929.
[49]	Fadini GP, Ferraro F, Quaini F，et al. Concise review：Diabetes，the bone marrow niche，and impaired vascular regeneration[J]. Stem Cells Transl Med，2014,3(8):949-957. DOI：10.5966/sctm.2014-0052.
[50]	Wei JN, Cai F, Wang F，et al. Transplantation of CXCR4 overexpressed mesenchymal stem cells augments regeneration in degenerated intervertebral discs[J]. DNA Cell Biol，2016,35(5):241-248. DOI：10.1089/dna.2015.3118.
[51]	Liekens S, Schols D, Hatse S. CXCL12-CXCR4 axis in angiogenesis，metastasis and stem cell mobilization[J]. Curr Pharm Des，2010,16(35):3903-3920. DOI：10.2174/138161210794455003.
[52]	Mirshahi F, Pourtau J, Li H，et al. SDF-1 activity on microvascular endothelial cells：Consequences on angiogenesis in in vitro and in vivo models[J]. Thromb Res，2000,99(6):587-594. DOI：10.1016/S0049-3848(00)00292-9.
[53]	Kijowski J, Baj-Krzyworzeka M, Majka M，et al. The SDF-1-CXCR4 axis stimulates VEGF secretion and activates integrins but does not affect proliferation and survival in lymphohematopoietic cells[J]. Stem Cells，2001,19(5):453-466. DOI：10.1634/stemcells.19-5-453.
[54]	Molino M, Woolkalis MJ, Prevost N，et al. CXCR4 on human endothelial cells can serve as both a mediator of biological responses and as a receptor for HIV-2[J]. Biochim Biophys Acta，2000,1500(2):227-240. DOI：10.1016/s0925-4439(99)00110-6.
[55]	Döring Y, Pawig L, Weber C，et al. The CXCL12/CXCR4 chemokine ligand/receptor axis in cardiovascular disease[J]. Front Physiol，2014,5:212. DOI：10.3389/fphys.2014.00212.
[56]	Jin F, Brockmeier U, Otterbach F，et al. New insight into the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in a breast carcinoma model：Hypoxia-induced endothelial SDF-1 and tumor cell CXCR4 are required for tumor cell intravasation[J]. Mol Cancer Res，2012,10(8):1021-1031. DOI：10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-11-0498.
[57]	Wagner NM, Bierhansl L, Nöldge-Schomburg G，et al. Toll-like receptor 2-blocking antibodies promote angiogenesis and induce ERK1/2 and AKT signaling via CXCR4 in endothelial cells[J]. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol，2013,33(8):1943-1951. DOI：10.1161/ATVBAHA.113.301783.
[58]	Salvucci O, Basik M, Yao L，et al. Evidence for the involvement of SDF-1 and CXCR4 in the disruption of endothelial cell-branching morphogenesis and angiogenesis by TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma[J]. J Leukoc Biol，2004,76(1):217-226. DOI：10.1189/jlb.1203609.
[59]	Moser B, Loetscher P. Lymphocyte traffic control by chemokines[J]. Nat Immunol，2001,2(2):123-128. DOI：10.1038/84219.
[60]	Pozzobon T, Goldoni G, Viola A，et al. CXCR4 signaling in health and disease[J]. Immunol Lett，2016,177:6-15. DOI：10.1016/j.imlet.2016.06.006.
[61]	Payne D, Drinkwater S, Baretto R，et al. Expression of chemokine receptors CXCR4，CXCR5 and CCR7 on B and T lymphocytes from patients with primary antibody deficiency[J]. Clin Exp Immunol，2009,156(2):254-262. DOI：10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.03889.x.
[62]	Nauseef WM, Borregaard N. Neutrophils at work[J]. Nat Immunol，2014,15(7):602-611. DOI：10.1038/ni.2921.
[63]	Uhl B, Vadlau Y, Zuchtriegel G，et al. Aged neutrophils contribute to the first line of defense in the acute inflammatory response[J]. Blood，2016,128(19):2327-2337. DOI：10.1182/blood-2016-05-718999.
[64]	Hampton HR, Bailey J, Tomura M，et al. Microbe-dependent lymphatic migration of neutrophils modulates lymphocyte proliferation in lymph nodes[J]. Nat Commun，2015,6:7139. DOI：10.1038/ncomms8139.
[65]	Martin C, Burdon PCE, Bridger G，et al. Chemokines acting via CXCR2 and CXCR4 control the release of neutrophils from the bone marrow and their return following senescence[J]. Immunity，2003,19(4):583-593. DOI：10.1016/s1074-7613(03)00263-2.
[66]	Leung TH, Snyder ER, Liu Y，et al. A cellular，molecular，and pharmacological basis for appendage regeneration in mice[J]. Genes Dev，2015,29(20):2097-2107. DOI：10.1101/gad.267724.115.
[67]	Chen H, Li G, Liu Y，et al. Pleiotropic roles of CXCR4 in wound repair and regeneration[J]. Front Immunol，2021,12:668758. DOI：10.3389/fimmu.2021.668758.
[68]	Gómez-Barrena E, Rosset P, Gebhard F，et al. Feasibility and safety of treating non-unions in tibia，femur and humerus with autologous，expanded，bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells associated with biphasic calcium phosphate biomaterials in a multicentric，non-comparative trial[J]. Biomaterials，2019,196:100-108. DOI：10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.03.033.
[69]	García-García A, de Castillejo CLF, Méndez-Ferrer S. BMSCs and hematopoiesis[J]. Immunol Lett，2015,168(2):129-135. DOI：10.1016/j.imlet.2015.06.020.
[70]	Hutchings G, Moncrieff L, Dompe C，et al. Bone regeneration，reconstruction and use of osteogenic cells；from basic knowledge，animal models to clinical trials[J]. J Clin Med，2020,9(1):E139. DOI：10.3390/jcm9010139.
[71]	Chen L, Li Y, Chen W，et al. Enhanced recruitment and hematopoietic reconstitution of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in bone marrow failure by the SDF-1/CXCR4[J]. J Tissue Eng Regen Med，2020,14(9):1250-1260. DOI：10.1002/term.3096.
[72]	Zhao A, Chung M, Yang Y，et al. The SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway directs the migration of systemically transplanted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells towards the lesion site in a rat model of spinal cord injury[J]. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther，2023,18(2):216-230. DOI：10.2174/1574888X17666220510163245.
[73]	Liu N, Patzak A, Zhang J. CXCR4-overexpressing bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells improve repair of acute kidney injury[J]. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol，2013,305(7):F1064-F1073. DOI：10.1152/ajprenal.00178.2013.
[74]	Guang LG, Boskey AL, Zhu W. Regulatory role of stromal cell-derived factor-1 in bone morphogenetic protein-2-induced chondrogenic differentiation in vitro[J]. Int J Biochem Cell Biol，2012,44(11):1825-1833. DOI：10.1016/j.biocel.2012.06.033.
[75]	Potter ML, Smith K, Vyavahare S，et al. Characterization of differentially expressed miRNAs by CXCL12/SDF-1 in human bone marrow stromal cells[J]. Biomol Concepts，2021,12(1):132-143. DOI：10.1515/bmc-2021-0015.
[76]	Zhu W, Boachie-Adjei O, Rawlins BA，et al. A novel regulatory role for stromal-derived factor-1 signaling in bone morphogenic protein-2 osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal C2C12 cells[J]. J Biol Chem，2007,282(26):18676-18685. DOI：10.1074/jbc.M610232200.
[77]	Kollet O, Dar A, Shivtiel S，et al. Osteoclasts degrade endosteal components and promote mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells[J]. Nat Med，2006,12(6):657-664. DOI：10.1038/nm1417.
[78]	Zhang C, Zhang W, Zhu D，et al. Nanoparticles functionalized with stem cell secretome and CXCR4-overexpressing endothelial membrane for targeted osteoporosis therapy[J]. J Nanobiotechnology，2022,20(1):35. DOI：10.1186/s12951-021-01231-6.
[79]	Cross M, Smith E, Hoy D，et al. The global burden of hip and knee osteoarthritis：Estimates from the global burden of disease 2010 study[J]. Ann Rheum Dis，2014,73(7):1323-1330. DOI：10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204763.
[80]	Mathiessen A, Conaghan PG. Synovitis in osteoarthritis：Current understanding with therapeutic implications[J]. Arthritis Res Ther，2017,19(1):18. DOI：10.1186/s13075-017-1229-9.
[81]	Bagi CM, Berryman ER, Teo S，et al. Oral administration of undenatured native chicken typeⅡ collagen （UC-Ⅱ） diminished deterioration of articular cartilage in a rat model of osteoarthritis （OA）[J]. Osteoarthritis Cartilage，2017,25(12):2080-2090. DOI：10.1016/j.joca.2017.08.013.
[82]	Wang G, Li Y, Meng X，et al. The study of targeted blocking SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway with three antagonists on MMPs，typeⅡ collagen，and aggrecan levels in articular cartilage of guinea pigs[J]. J Orthop Surg Res，2020,15(1):195. DOI：10.1186/s13018-020-01646-1.
[83]	Li J, Chen H, Zhang D，et al. The role of stromal cell-derived factor 1 on cartilage development and disease[J]. Osteoarthritis Cartilage，2021,29(3):313-322. DOI：10.1016/j.joca.2020.10.010.
[84]	Lu W, He Z, Shi J，et al. AMD3100 attenuates post-traumatic osteoarthritis by maintaining transforming growth factor-β1-induced expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/akt pathway[J]. Front Pharmacol，2019,10:1554. DOI：10.3389/fphar.2019.01554.
[85]	Lu W, Shi J, Zhang J，et al. CXCL12/CXCR4 axis regulates aggrecanase activation and cartilage degradation in a post-traumatic osteoarthritis rat model[J]. Int J Mol Sci，2016,17(10):E1522. DOI：10.3390/ijms17101522.
[86]	Qin H, Zhao X, Hu YJ，et al. Inhibition of SDF-1/CXCR4 axis to alleviate abnormal bone formation and angiogenesis could improve the subchondral bone microenvironment in osteoarthritis[J]. Biomed Res Int，2021:8852574. DOI：10.1155/2021/8852574.
[87]	Zhang Y, Li X, Li J，et al. Knee loading enhances the migration of adipose-derived stem cells to the osteoarthritic sites through the SDF-1/CXCR4 regulatory axis[J]. Calcif Tissue Int，2022,111(2):171-184. DOI：10.1007/s00223-022-00976-y.
[88]	Zhang X, Sun Y, Chen W，et al. Nanoparticle functionalization with genetically-engineered mesenchymal stem cell membrane for targeted drug delivery and enhanced cartilage protection[J]. Biomater Adv，2022,136:212802. DOI：10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212802.
[89]	Zhou S, Lu H, Xiong M. Identifying immune cell infiltration and effective diagnostic biomarkers in rheumatoid arthritis by bioinformatics analysis[J]. Front Immunol，2021,12:726747. DOI：10.3389/fimmu.2021.726747.
[90]	Bragg R, Gilbert W, Elmansi A M，et al. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 as a potential therapeutic target for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis[J]. Ther Adv Chronic Dis，2019,10:20406 22319882531. DOI：10.1177/2040622319882531.
[91]	Kim KW, Cho ML, Kim HR，et al. Up-regulation of stromal cell-derived factor 1 （CXCL12） production in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts through interactions with T lymphocytes：Role of interleukin-17 and CD40L-CD40 interaction[J]. Arthritis and Rheumatism，2007,56(4):1076-1086. DOI：10.1002/art.22439.
[92]	Chen HT, Tsou HK, Hsu CJ，et al. Stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXCR4 promotes IL-6 production in human synovial fibroblasts[J]. J Cell Biochem，2011,112(4):1219-1227. DOI：10.1002/jcb.23043.
[93]	Peng L, Zhu N, Mao J，et al. Expression levels of CXCR4 and CXCL12 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and its correlation with disease activity[J]. Exp Ther Med，2020,20(3):1925-1934. DOI：10.3892/etm.2020.8950.
[94]	Wang S, Zhou C, Zheng H，et al. Chondrogenic progenitor cells promote vascular endothelial growth factor expression through stromal-derived factor-1[J]. Osteoarthritis Cartilage，2017,25(5):742-749. DOI：10.1016/j.joca.2016.10.017.
[95]	Samarpita S, Rasool M. Cyanidin attenuates IL-17A cytokine signaling mediated monocyte migration and differentiation into mature osteoclasts in rheumatoid arthritis[J]. Cytokine，2021,142:155502. DOI：10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155502.
[96]	Cecchinato V, D′Agostino G, Raeli L，et al. Redox-mediated mechanisms fuel monocyte responses to CXCL12/HMGB1 in active rheumatoid arthritis[J]. Front Immunol，2018,9:2118. DOI：10.3389/fimmu.2018.02118.
[97]	He Y, Chen Y. The potential mechanism of the microbiota-gut-bone axis in osteoporosis：A review[J]. Osteoporos Int，2022,33(12):2495-2506. DOI：10.1007/s00198-022-06557-x.
[98]	Sözen T, Özişik L, Başaran NÇ. An overview and management of osteoporosis[J]. Eur J Rheumatol，2017,4(1):46-56. DOI：10.5152/eurjrheum.2016.048.
[99]	Liu Q, Zhang X, Jiao Y，et al. In vitro cell behaviors of bone mesenchymal stem cells derived from normal and postmenopausal osteoporotic rats[J]. Int J Mol Med，2018,41(2):669-678. DOI：10.3892/ijmm.2017.3280.
[100]	Garg P, Mazur MM, Buck AC，et al. Prospective review of mesenchymal stem cells differentiation into osteoblasts[J]. Orthop Surg，2017,9(1):13-19. DOI：10.1111/os.12304.
[101]	Guang LG, Boskey AL, Zhu W. Age-related CXC chemokine receptor-4-deficiency impairs osteogenic differentiation potency of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stromal stem cells[J]. Int J Biochem Cell Biol，2013,45(8):1813-1820. DOI：10.1016/j.biocel.2013.05.034.
[102]	Gilbert W, Bragg R, Elmansi AM，et al. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 （CXCL12） and its role in bone and muscle biology[J]. Cytokine，2019,123:154783. DOI：10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154783.
[103]	Bai J, Ge G, Wang Q，et al. Engineering stem cell recruitment and osteoinduction via bioadhesive molecular mimics to improve osteoporotic bone-implant integration[J]. Research （Wash D C），2022:9823784. DOI：10.34133/2022/9823784.
[104]	Hu Y, Li X, Zhang Q，et al. Exosome-guided bone targeted delivery of Antagomir-188 as an anabolic therapy for bone loss[J]. Bioact Mater，2021,6(9):2905-2913. DOI：10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.02.014.
[105]	Tonetti MS, Greenwell H, Kornman KS. Staging and grading of periodontitis：Framework and proposal of a new classification and case definition[J]. J Periodontol，2018,89(Suppl 1):S159-S172. DOI：10.1002/JPER.18-0006.
[106]	Sun X, Gao J, Meng X，et al. Polarized macrophages in periodontitis：Characteristics，function，and molecular signaling[J]. Front Immunol，2021,12:763334. DOI：10.3389/fimmu.2021.763334.
[107]	Bosshardt DD. The periodontal pocket：Pathogenesis，histopathology and consequences[J]. Periodontology 2000, 2018,76(1):43-50. DOI：10.1111/prd.12153.
[108]	Zhang X, Jin Y, Wang Q，et al. Autophagy-mediated regulation patterns contribute to the alterations of the immune microenvironment in periodontitis[J]. Aging （Albany NY），2020,13(1):555-577. DOI：10.18632/aging.202165.
[109]	Zhang Z, Zheng Y, Bian X，et al. Identification of key genes and pathways associated with oxidative stress in periodontitis[J]. Oxid Med Cell Longev，2022:9728172. DOI：10.1155/2022/9728172.
[110]	Arjunan P, Meghil MM, Pi W，et al. Oral pathobiont activates anti-apoptotic pathway，promoting both immune suppression and oncogenic cell proliferation[J]. Sci Rep，2018,8(1):16607. DOI：10.1038/s41598-018-35126-8.
[111]	Yamashiro K, Ideguchi H, Aoyagi H，et al. High mobility Group Box 1 expression in oral inflammation and regeneration[J]. Front Immunol，2020,11:1461. DOI：10.3389/fimmu.2020.01461.
[112]	Luo H, Chen D, Li R，et al. Genetically engineered CXCR4-modified exosomes for delivery of miR-126 mimics to macrophages alleviate periodontitis[J]. J Nanobiotechnology. 2023,21(1):116. DOI：10.1186/s12951-023-01863-w.
[113]	Mehta SA, Christopherson KW, Bhat-Nakshatri P，et al. Negative regulation of chemokine receptor CXCR4 by tumor suppressor p53 in breast cancer cells：Implications of p53 mutation or isoform expression on breast cancer cell invasion[J]. Oncogene，2007,26(23):3329-3337. DOI：10.1038/sj.onc.1210120.
[114]	Orimo A, Gupta PB, Sgroi DC，et al. Stromal fibroblasts present in invasive human breast carcinomas promote tumor growth and angiogenesis through elevated SDF-1/CXCL12 secretion[J]. Cell，2005,121(3):335-348. DOI：10.1016/j.cell.2005.02.034.
[115]	Chinni SR, Yamamoto H, Dong Z，et al. CXCL12/CXCR4 transactivates HER2 in lipid rafts of prostate cancer cells and promotes growth of metastatic deposits in bone[J]. Mol Cancer Res，2008,6(3):446-457. DOI：10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-07-0117.
[116]	Lai TH, Fong YC, Fu WM，et al. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 increase alphavbeta3 integrin expression and invasion in human chondrosarcoma cells[J]. J Cell Physiol，2009,218(2):334-342. DOI：10.1002/jcp.21601.
[117]	Lu Y, Hu B, Guan GF，et al. SDF-1/CXCR4 promotes F5M2 osteosarcoma cell migration by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway[J]. Med Oncol，2015,32(7):194. DOI：10.1007/s12032-015-0576-0.
[118]	Xi Y, Qi Z, Ma J，et al. PTEN loss activates a functional AKT/CXCR4 signaling axis to potentiate tumor growth and lung metastasis in human osteosarcoma cells[J]. Clin Exp Metastasis，2020,37(1):173-185. DOI：10.1007/s10585-019-09998-7.
[119]	Liu J, Feng G, Li Z，et al. Long non-coding RNA FEZF1-AS1 modulates CXCR4 to promote cell proliferation，warburg effect and suppress cell apoptosis in osteosarcoma by sponging miR-144[J]. Onco Targets Ther，2020,13:2899-2910. DOI：10.2147/OTT.S235970.

Please choose a citation manager

Content to export