Influence of low-temperature degradation and wear cycles on the wear resistance of zirconia

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1366.2016.01.007

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of low temperature degradation on the wear behavior of zirconia.

Methods

Zirconia balls with and without autoclaving (134℃, 100 h) were used as the antagonist material in this study. Eight specimens of human enamel for each group were tested. For each enamel sample, a zirconia ball was used as the antagonist (n= 8) . The specimens and antagonist balls were subjected to a wear simulator (10 000, 20 000 and 50 000 loading cycles, 1.2 Hz, 49 N) and then the vertical loss and volume loss were measured by a three-dimensional (3D) optical profilometer. Roughness of zirconia balls was measured by the 3D optical profilometer as well. Hardness of the samples was determined using a micro-Vickers hardness tester. The software of SPSS 20.0 was used for statistical analysis. Two-Way ANOVA was performed to analyze the data of vertical loss (μm) and volume loss (mm³ × 10^-3) for enamel samples and roughness (μm) of the zirconia balls and data of Vickers hardness were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA. Multiple pair-wise comparison of means was performed with Tukey′s Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) post hoc test (α= 0.05) .

Results

Results showed that human enamel samples opposing the non-aged zirconia balls demonstrated significantly less vertical loss (F_{20 000}= 4.573, P_{20 000}= 0.0364; F_{50 000}= 49.385, P_{50 000}<0.001) and volume loss (F_{20 000}= 5.769, P_{20 000}= 0.0210; F_{50 000}= 61.792, P_{50 000}<0.001) than those against the aged zirconia balls after 20 000 and 50 000 wear test cycles. No significant differences were observed after 10 000 wear test cycles for vertical loss (1.43 ± 0.07, 1.46 ± 0.12) and volume loss (2.36 ± 0.45, 2.31 ± 0.34; F_{vertical loss}= 0.721, P_{vertical loss}= 0.610; F_{volume loss}= 0.0552, P_{volume loss}= 0.801) . No significant differences were found for the roughness among the aged (0.0402 ± 0.0055, 0.0366 ± 0.0061) and non-aged zirconia balls (0.0402 ± 0.0055, 0.0366 ± 0.0061) after 10 000 and 20 000 were test cycles (F_{10 000}= 0.0314, P_{10 000}= 0.873; F_{20 000}= 0.693, P_{20 000}= 0.416) . However, after 50 000 chewing cycles aged zirconia balls (0.0596 ± 0.0045) showed significantly greater roughness than the non-aged ones (0.0386 ± 0.0027; F_{50 000}= 128.793, P<0.001) . Vickers hardness for the aged zirconia balls 1257.0 ± 54.5 (HV1) was significantly lower than for the non-aged group 1385.8 ± 28.7 (HV1, F= 124.789, P<0.001) .

Conclusions

Low temperature degradation results in significant decrease in Vickers hardness for zirconia balls. Aged zirconia balls demonstrate less wear resistance after 20 000 and 50 000 chewing cycles compared to the non-aged zirconia ones.

Key words: Zirconium oxide, Low temperature degradation, Wear cycle, Wear resistance

Zhichao Hao, Ke Liu, Linxia Wang, Yukun Meng. Influence of low-temperature degradation and wear cycles on the wear resistance of zirconia[J]. Chinese Journal of Stomatological Research(Electronic Edition), 2016, 10(01): 38-44.

/ / Recommend

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://zhkqyxyjzz.cma-cmc.com.cn/EN/10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1366.2016.01.007

https://zhkqyxyjzz.cma-cmc.com.cn/EN/Y2016/V10/I01/38

Figures/Tables 5

References 24

[1]	Miyazaki T, Nakamura T, Matsumura H，et al. Current status of zirconia restoration[J]. J Prosthodont Res，2013，57(4):236-261.
[2]	Agustín-Panadero R, Román-Rodríguez JL, Ferreiroa A，et al. Zirconia in fixed prosthesis. A literature review[J]. J Clin Exp Dent，2014，6(1):e66-e73.
[3]	Bachhav VC, Aras MA. Zirconia-based fixed partial dentures：a clinical review[J]. Quintessence Int，2011，42(2):173-182.
[4]	Triwatana P, Nagaviroj N, Tulapornchai C. Clinical performance and failures of zirconia-based fixed partial dentures：a review literature[J]. J Adv Prosthodont，2012，4(2):76-83.
[5]	Hannink RH, Kelly PM, Muddle BC. Transformation toughening in zirconia-containing ceramics[J]. J Am Ceram Soc，2000，83(3):461-487.
[6]	Örtorp A, Kihl ML, Carlsson GE. A 5-year retrospective study of survival of zirconia single crowns fitted in a private clinical setting[J]. J Dent，2012，40(6):527-530.
[7]	Lughi V, Sergo V. Low temperature degradation - aging - of zirconia：a critical review of the relevant aspects in dentistry[J]. Dent Mater，2010，26(8):807-820.
[8]	浩志超，孟玉坤.牙科用氧化锆陶瓷的低温时效及其影响因素[J].国际口腔医学杂志，2012，39(4):494-497.
[9]	Pereira GK, Venturini AB, Silvestri T，et al. Low-temperature degradation of Y-TZP ceramics：a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater，2015(55):151-163.
[10]	Kohorst P, Borchers L, Strempel J，et al. Low-temperature degradation of different zirconia ceramics for dental applications[J]. Acta Biomater，2012，8(3):1213-1220.
[11]	Hahnel S, Schultz S, Trempler C，et al. Two-body wear of dental restorative materials[J]. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater，2011，4(3):237-244.
[12]	Koottathape N, Takahashi H, Iwasaki N，et al. Quantitative wear and wear damage analysis of composite resins in vitro[J]. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater，2014(29):508-516.
[13]	Kim MJ, Oh SH, Kim JH，et al. Wear evaluation of the human enamel opposing different Y-TZP dental ceramics and other porcelains[J]. J Dent，2012，40(11):979-988.
[14]	Hao Z, Yin H, Wang L，et al. Wear behavior of seven artificial resin teeth assessed with three-dimensional measurements[J]. J Prosthet Dent，2014，112(6):1507-1512.
[15]	Elmaria A, Goldstein G, Vijayaraghavan T，et al. An evaluation of wear when enamel is opposed by various ceramic materials and gold[J]. J Prosthet Dent，2006，96(5):345-353.
[16]	Lawson NC, Janyavula S, Syklawer S，et al. Wear of enamel opposing zirconia and lithium disilicate after adjustment，polishing and glazing[J]. J Dent，2014，42(12):1586-1591.
[17]	Preis V, Grumser K, Schneider-Feyrer S，et al. Cycle-dependent in vitro wear performance of dental ceramics after clinical surface treatments[J]. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater，2016(53):49-58.
[18]	Beuer F, Stimmelmayr M, Gueth JF，et al. In vitro performance of full-contour zirconia single crowns[J]. Dent Mater，2012，28(4):449-456.
[19]	Chong BJ, Thangavel AK, Rolton SB，et al. Clinical and laboratory surface finishing procedures for zirconia on opposing human enamel wear：a laboratory study[J]. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater，2015(50):93-103.
[20]	Burgess JO, Janyavula S, Lawson NC，et al. Enamel wear opposing polished and aged zirconia[J]. Oper Dent，2014，39(2):189-194.
[21]	Flinn BD, deGroot DA, Mancl LA，et al. Accelerated aging characteristics of three yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline dental materials[J]. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry，2012，108(4):223-230.
[22]	Tanaka K, Tamura J, Kawanabe K，et al. Phase stability after aging and its influence on pin-on-disk wear properties of Ce-TZP/Al₂O₃ nanocomposite and conventional Y-TZP[J]. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater，2003，67(1):200-207.
[23]	Kim JW, Covel NS, Guess PC，et al. Concerns of hydrothermal degradation in CAD/CAM zirconia[J]. J Dent Res，2010，89(1):91-95.
[24]	Gremillard L, Martin L, Zych L，et al. Combining ageing and wear to assess the durability of zirconia-based ceramic heads for total hip arthroplasty[J]. Acta Biomater，2013，9(7):7545-7555.

磨耗次数	样本数（个）	深度损失（μm）		体积损失(mm³ × 10^-3)
磨耗次数	样本数（个）	对照组	老化处理组	对照组	老化处理组
10 000	48	1.46 ± 0.12	1.43 ± 0.07	2.31 ± 0.34	2.36 ± 0.45
20 000	48	2.30 ± 0.27	2.08 ± 0.17	4.26 ± 0.44	3.34 ± 0.70
50 000	48	4.01 ± 0.39	3.19 ± 0.17	8.63 ± 0.97	5.74 ± 1.13

磨耗次数	样本数（个）	深度损失（μm）		体积损失(mm³ × 10^-3)
磨耗次数	样本数（个）	对照组	老化处理组	对照组	老化处理组
10 000	48	1.46 ± 0.12	1.43 ± 0.07	2.31 ± 0.34	2.36 ± 0.45
20 000	48	2.30 ± 0.27	2.08 ± 0.17	4.26 ± 0.44	3.34 ± 0.70
50 000	48	4.01 ± 0.39	3.19 ± 0.17	8.63 ± 0.97	5.74 ± 1.13

Please choose a citation manager

Content to export