To retrospectively evaluate the 5-year survival rate of abutment teeth and identify prognostic factors in patients with moderate-to-severe reduced dentition and periodontal disease of residual teeth after receiving removable partial dentures retained by telescopic crowns.

A total of 126 patients (150 dentures, 471 abutment teeth) who underwent telescopic denture restoration for moderate-to-severe reduced dentition with periodontal disease of residual teeth at Department of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University between January 2012 and January 2022 were included. The 5-year survival rate of abutment teeth was calculated via the Kaplan-Meier method. The Log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards regression model were utilized to evaluate the effects of abutment distribution (linear sagittal support/linear transverse support, triangular support, quadrilateral support), tooth mobility, regular follow-up, age, gender, and jaw position on abutment survival.

The 5-year cumulative survival rate of all abutment teeth was 83.00% (95% CI: 78.93%-87.28%). No significant difference was found among different abutment distributions (χ² = 2.872, P = 0.412). Grade Ⅲ mobile abutments had a significantly lower 5-year survival rate than Grade Ⅰ/Ⅱ (χ² = 13.461, P = 0.001). Patients with regular follow-up showed significantly higher survival rate than non-regular follow-up counterparts (χ² = 9.176, P = 0.002) .

In the restoration of moderate-to-severe reduced dentition combined with periodontal disease of residual teeth, the 5-year survival rate of abutment teeth for telescopic dentures is generally acceptable. Higher mobility increases the risk of failure, while regular follow-up helps improve the long-term survival rate of abutment teeth. It is recommended that the mobility of abutment teeth be comprehensively evaluated in the repair design and that the management of follow-up compliance be strengthened.