Advance in orofacial pain research

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1366.2024.05.003

Abstract

Abstract:

Orofacial pain is the most common symptom that dentists are confronted with, including acute pain (pulpitis, acute periodontitis, post-surgery, etc.) and chronic diseases, such as periodontitis, muscle pain, temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD), burning mouth syndrome (BMS), oral lichen planus (OLP) and others. The success of therapy depends on accurate diagnosis and treatment of the primary disease, symptomatic control of pain, and psychological treatment for those who suffer from long-term chronic pain. The aim of this article was to provide an overview of the classification and definition of orofacial pain, comprehensively introduce the mechanism research progress of different types of orofacial pain, summarize the diagnosis and interventional modality, and propose a reference for clinical process.

Key words: Orofacial pain, Nonodontogenic pain, Dental pain

Yingyu Yi, Yaqin Zhu. Advance in orofacial pain research[J]. Chinese Journal of Stomatological Research(Electronic Edition), 2024, 18(05): 300-306.

/ / Recommend

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://zhkqyxyjzz.cma-cmc.com.cn/EN/10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1366.2024.05.003

https://zhkqyxyjzz.cma-cmc.com.cn/EN/Y2024/V18/I05/300

Figures/Tables 1

References 38

[1]	Ananthan S，Benoliel R. Chronic orofacial pain[J]. J Neural Transm（Vienna），2020，127（4）：575-588. DOI：10.1007/s00702-020-02157-3.
[2]	International Headache Society. International classification of orofacial pain，1st edition（ICOP）[J]. Cephalalgia，2020，40（2）：129-221. DOI：10.1177/0333102419893823.
[3]	Aubeux D，Renard E，Pérez F，et al. Review of animal models to study pulp inflammation[J]. Front Dent Med，2021，2：673552. DOI：10.3389/fdmed.2021.673552.
[4]	He Y，Gan Y，Lu J，et al. Pulpal tissue inflammatory reactions after experimental pulpal exposure in mice[J]. J Endod，2017，43（1）：90-95. DOI：10.1016/j.joen.2016.09.003.
[5]	Hall BE，Zhang L，Sun ZJ，et al. Conditional TNF-α overexpression in the tooth and alveolar bone results in painful pulpitis and osteitis[J]. J Dent Res，2016，95（2）：188-195. DOI：10.1177/0022034515612022.
[6]	Luo Y，Suttle A，Zhang Q，et al. Transient receptor potential （TRP）ion channels in orofacial pain[J]. Mol Neurobiol，2021，58（6）：2836-2850. DOI：10.1007/s12035-021-02284-2.
[7]	Solon IG，Santos WS，Jesus AA，et al. Non-invasive evaluation of vascular permeability in formalin-induced orofacial pain model using infrared thermography[J]. J Therm Biol，2024，119：103782. DOI：10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103782.
[8]	Zhang G，Wang L，Wang J，et al. RNA sequencing of the thalamus and rostral ventral medulla in rats with chronic orofacial pain[J]. J Neural Transm（Vienna），2024，131（7）：739-753. DOI：10.1007/s00702-024-02780-4.
[9]	Donertas-Ayaz B，Brice-Tutt AC，Malphurs WL，et al. Assessment of nerve injury-induced mechanical hypersensitivity in rats using an orofacial operant pain assay[J]. J Vis Exp，2022，185：e64221. DOI：10.3791/64221.
[10]	Ding W，Fischer L，Chen Q，et al. Highly synchronized cortical circuit dynamics mediate spontaneous pain in mice[J]. J Clin Invest，2023，133（5）：e166408. DOI：10.1172/JCI166408.
[11]	de Souza KBR，de Almeida Guerra LR，da Silva Guerreiro ML，et al. Nociceptive and histomorphometric evaluation of the effects of ozone therapy on the rat masseter muscle in a carrageenan model of myofascial pain[J]. Arch Oral Biol，2024，160：105893. DOI：10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105893.
[12]	Sato A，Yasukochi S，Iwanaka N，et al. Dosing time-dependent difference in the suppressive effect of empagliflozin on the development of mechanical pain hypersensitivity in diabetic mice [J]. J Pharmacol Exp Ther，2024，390（2）：177-185. DOI：10.1124/jpet.123.001856.
[13]	Li S，Zheng Y，Kang Y，et al. Electroacupuncture alleviates streptozotocin-induced diabetic neuropathic pain via suppressing phosphorylated CaMK Ⅱ α in rats[J]. Neuroreport，2024，35（4）：258-268. DOI：10.1097/WNR.0000000000002000.
[14]	Romero-Reyes M，Arman S，Teruel A，et al. Pharmacological management of orofacial pain[J]. Drugs，2023，83（14）：1269-1292. DOI：10.1007/s40265-023-01927-z.
[15]	Kaur T，Huang AC，Shyu BC. Modulation of melatonin in pain behaviors associated with oxidative stress and neuroinflammation responses in an animal model of central post-stroke pain[J]. Int J Mol Sci，2023，24（6）：5413. DOI：10.3390/ijms24065413.
[16]	Ahmed AK，Zhuo J，Gullapalli RP，et al. Focused ultrasound central lateral thalamotomy for the treatment of refractory neuropathic pain：Phase Ⅰ trial[J]. Neurosurgery，2024，94（4）：690-699. DOI：10.1227/neu.0000000000002752.
[17]	Mardelle U，Bretaud N，Daher C，et al. From pain to tumor immunity：Influence of peripheral sensory neurons in cancer[J]. Front Immunol，2024，15：1335387. DOI：10.3389/fimmu.2024.1335387.
[18]	Rotpenpian N，Tapechum S，Vattarakorn A，et al. Evolution of mirror-image pain in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis mouse model[J]. J Appl Oral Sci，2021，29：e20200575. DOI：10.1590/1678-7757-2020-0575.
[19]	Su J，Krock E，Barde S，et al. Pain-like behavior in the collagen antibody-induced arthritis model is regulated by lysophosphatidic acid and activation of satellite glia cells[J]. Brain Behav Immun，2022，101：214-230. DOI：10.1016/j.bbi.2022.01.003.
[20]	Weissmann T，Rückert M，Zhou JG，et al. Low-dose radiotherapy leads to a systemic anti-inflammatory shift in the pre-clinical K/BxN serum transfer model and reduces osteoarthritic pain in patients[J]. Front Immunol，2021，12：777792. DOI：10.3389/fimmu.2021.777792.
[21]	Byers MR，Taylor PE. Effect of sensory denervation on the response of rat molar pulp to exposure injury[J]. J Dent Res，1993，72（3）：613-618. DOI：10.1177/00220345930720031001.
[22]	Li JG，Lin JJ，Wang ZL，et al. Melatonin attenuates inflammation of acute pulpitis subjected to dental pulp injury[J]. Am J Transl Res，2015，7（1）：66-78.
[23]	Arora V，Campbell JN，Chung MK. Fight fire with fire：Neurobiology of capsaicin-induced analgesia for chronic pain[J]. Pharmacol Ther，2021，220：107743. DOI：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107743.
[24]	Yeh TY，Luo IW，Hsieh YL，et al. Peripheral neuropathic pain：From experimental models to potential therapeutic targets in dorsal root ganglion neurons[J]. Cells，2020，9（12）：2725. DOI：10.3390/cells9122725.
[25]	Chen L，Huang J，Zhao P，et al. Conditional knockout of NaV1.6 in adult mice ameliorates neuropathic pain[J]. Sci Rep，2018，8（1）：3845. DOI：10.1038/s41598-018-22216-w.
[26]	Xu S，Wang Y. Transient receptor potential channels：Multiple modulators of peripheral neuropathic pain in several rodent models[J]. Neurochem Res，2024，49（4）：872-886. DOI：10.1007/s11064-023-04087-4.
[27]	Haroun R，Wood JN，Sikandar S. Mechanisms of cancer pain [J]. Front Pain Res（Lausanne），2022，3：1030899. DOI：10.3389/fpain.2022.1030899.
[28]	Wang H，She X，Xu Q，et al. Linagliptin′s impact on lymphatic barrier and lymphangiogenesis in oral cancer with high glucose [J]. Oral Dis，2024. DOI：10.1111/odi.14893.
[29]	Gonzales CB，de La Chapa JJ，Patwardhan AM，et al. Oral cancer pain includes thermal allodynia that may be attenuated by chronic alcohol consumption[J]. Pharmaceuticals（Basel），2023，16（4）：518. DOI：10.3390/ph16040518.
[30]	Li CP，Gau SY，Chen CC，et al. Honey in alleviating severe oral mucositis among head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy[J]. In Vivo，2024，38（3）：1397-1404. DOI：10.21873/invivo.13581.
[31]	Santonocito S，Donzella M，Venezia P，et al. Orofacial pain management：An overview of the potential benefits of palmitoylethanolamide and other natural agents[J]. Pharmaceutics，2023，15（4）：1193. DOI：10.3390/pharmaceutics15041193.
[32]	Halbig JM，Jönsson B，Gil EG，et al. Oral health-related quality of life，impaired physical health and orofacial pain in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis：A prospective multicenter cohort study[J]. BMC Oral Health，2023，23（1）：895. DOI：10.1186/s12903-023-03510-0.
[33]	Pigg M，Nixdorf DR，Law AS，et al. New international classification of orofacial pain：What is in it for endodontists？[J]. J Endod，2021，47（3）：345-357. DOI：10.1016/j.joen.2020.12.002.
[34]	曹烨，刘木清，雷杰，等.口颌面疼痛国际分类与诊断标准（第一版）（二）[J].中国口腔医学继续教育杂志，2022，25（4）：236-246.
[35]	Cao QW，Peng BG，Wang L，et al. Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of myofascial pain syndrome[J]. World J Clin Cases，2021，9（9）：2077-2089. DOI：10.12998/wjcc.v9.i9.2077.
[36]	Garstka AA，Kozowska L，Kijak K，et al. Accurate diagnosis and treatment of painful temporomandibular disorders：A literature review supplemented by own clinical experience[J]. Pain Res Manag，2023：1002235. DOI：10.1155/2023/1002235.
[37]	Lambru G，Zakrzewska J，Matharu M. Trigeminal neuralgia：A practical guide[J]. Pract Neurol，2021，21（5）：392-402. DOI：10.1136/practneurol-2020-002782.
[38]	Sharav Y，Haviv Y，Benoliel R. Orofacial migraine or neurovascular orofacial pain from pathogenesis to treatment[J]. Int J Mol Sci，2023，24（3）：2456. DOI：10.3390/ijms24032456.

类型	定义
牙槽及相关解剖组织的疼痛	包括牙齿来源，以及口腔黏膜、唾液腺和颌骨来源的疼痛。
肌肉筋膜疼痛	仅为咬肌来源的疼痛称原发性疼痛；由包括炎症、感染、肌肉痉挛的功能紊乱引起的疼痛称继发性疼痛。
颞下颌关节疼痛	原发疼痛，不明原因的颞下颌关节疼痛，可以在安静时、关节活动时或触诊时引发；继发疼痛，由炎症、结构改变或损伤引起的疼痛。
颅脑神经损伤或疾病引起的口颌面疼痛	仅包括三叉神经与舌咽神经相关的口颌面疼痛。三叉神经痛根据其神经病理性情况分为经典性三叉神经痛、继发性三叉神经痛和特发性三叉神经痛；其他的三叉神经性疼痛，根据病因可进一步分类为带状疱疹性、带状疱疹后神经痛、创伤后三叉神经性痛、其他疾病和特发性神经痛。
与原发性头痛类似的口颌面疼痛	根据类似原发性头痛的表现可分为口颌面偏头痛、紧张型口颌面疼痛、自主性三叉神经性口颌面疼痛和神经血管性口颌面疼痛。
特发性口颌面疼痛	在单侧或双侧的，累积三叉神经1条或多条分支分布区域的，尚不能解释病因的疼痛。根据临床表现可以进一步分类为灼口综合征、持续性原发性口颌面疼痛和持续性原发性牙-牙槽骨痛。
与心理疾病相关的口颌面疼痛	以心理疾病为主，口颌面疼痛为伴发症状。

类型	定义
牙槽及相关解剖组织的疼痛	包括牙齿来源，以及口腔黏膜、唾液腺和颌骨来源的疼痛。
肌肉筋膜疼痛	仅为咬肌来源的疼痛称原发性疼痛；由包括炎症、感染、肌肉痉挛的功能紊乱引起的疼痛称继发性疼痛。
颞下颌关节疼痛	原发疼痛，不明原因的颞下颌关节疼痛，可以在安静时、关节活动时或触诊时引发；继发疼痛，由炎症、结构改变或损伤引起的疼痛。
颅脑神经损伤或疾病引起的口颌面疼痛	仅包括三叉神经与舌咽神经相关的口颌面疼痛。三叉神经痛根据其神经病理性情况分为经典性三叉神经痛、继发性三叉神经痛和特发性三叉神经痛；其他的三叉神经性疼痛，根据病因可进一步分类为带状疱疹性、带状疱疹后神经痛、创伤后三叉神经性痛、其他疾病和特发性神经痛。
与原发性头痛类似的口颌面疼痛	根据类似原发性头痛的表现可分为口颌面偏头痛、紧张型口颌面疼痛、自主性三叉神经性口颌面疼痛和神经血管性口颌面疼痛。
特发性口颌面疼痛	在单侧或双侧的，累积三叉神经1条或多条分支分布区域的，尚不能解释病因的疼痛。根据临床表现可以进一步分类为灼口综合征、持续性原发性口颌面疼痛和持续性原发性牙-牙槽骨痛。
与心理疾病相关的口颌面疼痛	以心理疾病为主，口颌面疼痛为伴发症状。

Please choose a citation manager

Content to export