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中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (03) : 189 -197. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1366.2025.03.006

论著

不同腭咽闭合功能的腭裂患者鼻化度差异分析
尹佳仪1, 吴敏1, 黄汉尧1, 尹恒1, 郑谦1,()   
  1. 1. 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,四川大学华西口腔医院唇腭裂外科,成都 610041
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-18 出版日期:2025-06-01
  • 通信作者: 郑谦
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(82301148)中国博士后科学基金(2024T170605)四川省卫生健康委员会科技项目(24QNMP060)四川省自然科学基金(2025ZNSFSC0758)

Nasalance of cleft palate patients with different velopharyngeal closure status

Jiayi Yin1, Min Wu1, Hanyao Huang1, Heng Yin1, Qian Zheng1,()   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery,West China Hospital of Stomatology,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610041,China
  • Received:2025-03-18 Published:2025-06-01
  • Corresponding author: Qian Zheng
引用本文:

尹佳仪, 吴敏, 黄汉尧, 尹恒, 郑谦. 不同腭咽闭合功能的腭裂患者鼻化度差异分析[J/OL]. 中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(03): 189-197.

Jiayi Yin, Min Wu, Hanyao Huang, Heng Yin, Qian Zheng. Nasalance of cleft palate patients with different velopharyngeal closure status[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Stomatological Research(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(03): 189-197.

目的

探讨不同腭咽闭合功能的腭裂患者发音时鼻化度的差异。

方法

2021—2024年于四川大学华西口腔医院唇腭裂外科招募205名研究对象,其中27名正常人、42例腭裂术前腭咽闭合不全患者、58例腭裂术后腭咽闭合完全患者和78例腭裂术后腭咽闭合不全患者。采用四川大学华西口腔医院普通话构音测量表作为语音样本,使用NasometerⅡ6450鼻音计检测词表中84个常见汉语词语的鼻化度。

结果

鼻化度总分与高鼻音程度正相关(ρ=0.778,P<0.001),腭裂术后腭咽闭合完全患者鼻化度与正常群体鼻化度基本一致,仅有4个词语鼻化度差异有统计学意义[妈妈(P<0.001)、拿(P<0.001)、蜜蜂(P=0.036)和你好(P=0.038)]。腭裂术前腭咽闭合不全患者及腭裂术后腭咽闭合不全患者的鼻化度明显高于正常群体,正常群体和腭裂术前腭咽闭合不全患者之间仅有4个词语鼻化度差异无统计学意义[妈妈(P=1.000)、拿(P=1.000)、你好(P=1.000)和鸟(P=1.000)],正常群体和腭裂术后腭咽闭合不全患者之间仅6个词语鼻化度差异无统计学意义[拿(P=0.051)、家庭(P=0.136)、蜜蜂(P=1.000)、你好(P=1.000)、河马(P=0.091)、需要(P=0.182)和鸟(P=1.000)]。含有元音/i/的词语可作为检测腭咽闭合不全的敏感指标,含有鼻辅音/m//n/的词语敏感性较差。

结论

采用鼻音计测定特定语音样本的鼻化度,可反映腭裂患者腭咽闭合功能,腭咽闭合不全患者鼻化度高于正常群体和腭咽闭合完全患者。

Objective

To examine the characteristics of nasalance among normal population and cleft palate patients with different velopharyngeal closure status.

Methods

The research enrolled 205 participants,including 27 people without cleft palate,42 patients with unoperated cleft palate and velopharyngeal incompetence(VPI),58 patients with postoperative velopharyngeal competence(VPC)and 78 patients with postoperative VPI.The standard Putonghua speech test material which consised of 84 Chinese vocabularies was used as speech material. Nasalance scores of words contained in the speech material were recorded using the Nasometer Ⅱ6450.

Results

The total nasalance scores exhibited a significant positive correlation with hypernasality ratings(ρ=0.778,P<0.001).Postoperative VPC patients demonstrated nasalance scores similar to those of normal individuals,with statistically significant differences observed in only four words:Ma1 ma(P<0.001),Na2(P<0.001),Mi4 feng1(P = 0.036)and Ni3 hao3(P=0.038).Both preoperative and postoperative VPI patients presented significantly higher nasalance scores compared to the normal group.Specifically,comparisons between normal individuals and preoperative VPI patients revealed no significant differences for only four words:Ma1 ma(P=1.000),Na2(P=1.000),Ni3 hao3(P=1.000)and Niao3(P=1.000). Comparisons between normal individuals and postoperative VPI patients showed no significant differences for six words:Na2(P=0.051),Jia1 ting2(P=0.136),Mi4 feng1(P=1.000),Ni3 hao3(P=1.000),He2 ma3(P=0.091),Xu1 yao4(P=0.182)and Niao3(P=1.000).Words comprising vowel/i/could be used as a sensitive index to detect the velopharyngeal dysfunction and nasal consonants/m//n/ demonstrated little diagnostic value.

Conclusions

The nasalance scores collected by Nasometer could reflect the velopharyngeal closure status of cleft palate patients. The nasalance scores of patients with velopharyngeal incompetence were higher than those of normal speakers and patients with velopharyngeal competence.

表1 四川大学华西口腔医院普通话构音测量表
表2 纳入研究的205名受试者基本情况
图1 受试者鼻化度总分与CAPS-A 高鼻音评分的关系 通过箱线图展示鼻化度总分在不同CAPS-A 高鼻音评分(0=无,1=轻度,2=中度,3=重度)中的分布情况;箱线图展示鼻化度总分的中位数、上下四分位数、最大值与最小值,散点表示单个受试者数据;随着高鼻音评分的增加,鼻化度总分逐渐升高。
图2 4组中共同的5个高敏感性词语及词语鼻化度箱线图 经Hodges-Lehmann估算和Mann-Whitney检验筛选出的5个检测腭咽闭合功能敏感性高的词语,包括狮子、鼻子、粗细、蜘蛛和自己。箱线图展示词语鼻化度的中位数、上下四分位数、最大值与最小值,散点表示单个受试者数据,aP<0.001。VPI为腭咽闭合不全,VPC为腭咽闭合完全。
图3 4组中共同的7个低敏感性词语及词语鼻化度箱线图 经Hodges-Lehmann估算和Mann-Whitney检验筛选出的7个检测腭咽闭合功能敏感性低的词语,包括鸟、你好、哈密瓜、拿、妈妈、乳牛和河马。aP>0.05,bP<0.05,cP<0.001。VPI为腭咽闭合不全,VPC为腭咽闭合完全。
表3 根据Hodges-Lehmann估算结果筛选出两组鼻化度中位数差值最大的10个词
正常组-腭裂术前VPI组 正常组-腭裂术后VPI组 腭裂术后VPC组-腭裂术前VPI组 腭裂术后VPC组-腭裂术后VPI组
词语 中位数(95%置信区间) P 词语 中位数(95%置信区间) P 词语 中位数(95%置信区间) P 词语 中位数(95%置信区间) P
自己 -48(-55,-40) <0.001 自己 -39(-47,-30) <0.001 粗细 -39(-45,-32) <0.001 粗细 -30(-35,-25) <0.001
粗细 -47(-53,-39) <0.001 鼻子 -37(-43,-30) <0.001 自己 -38(-45,-30) <0.001 鼻子 -29(-34,-23) <0.001
鼻子 -44(-51,-37) <0.001 狮子 -37(-43,-29) <0.001 飞机 -38(-44,-31) <0.001 蜘蛛 -29(-34,-23) <0.001
蜘蛛 -43(-50,-36) <0.001 粗细 -37(-44,-31) <0.001 蜘蛛 -37(-43,-30) <0.001 狮子 -29(-35,-23) <0.001
狮子 -43(-50,-37) <0.001 弟弟 -35(-42,-27) <0.001 狮子 -37(-43,-30) <0.001 弟弟 -28(-35,-21) <0.001
肚子 -43(-50,-36) <0.001 梨子 -35(-43,-27) <0.001 鼻子 -36(-42,-29) <0.001 自己 -28(-36,-21) <0.001
兔子 -43(-48,-37) <0.001 刺猬 -35(-40,-29) <0.001 弟弟 -35(-42,-27) <0.001 四个 -28(-32,-22) <0.001
气球 -42(-48,-35) <0.001 蜘蛛 -35(-42,-28) <0.001 气球 -35(-41,-28) <0.001 飞机 -28(-34,-22) <0.001
飞机 -42(-47,-34) <0.001 肚子 -35(-40,-29) <0.001 四个 -35(-41,-28) <0.001 折纸 -28(-33,-23) <0.001
测试 -42(-46,-35) <0.001 气球 -34(-39,-28) <0.001 -35(-42,-28) <0.001 踢球 -27(-31,-21) <0.001
表4 根据Hodges-Lehmann估算结果筛选出两组鼻化度中位数差值最小的10个词
正常组-腭裂术前VPI组 正常组-腭裂术后VPI组 腭裂术后VPC组-腭裂术前VPI组 腭裂术后VPC组-腭裂术后VPI组
词语 中位数(95%置信区间) P 词语 中位数(95%置信区间) P 词语 中位数(95%置信区间) P 词语 中位数(95%置信区间) P
家庭 -17(-24,-11) <0.001 木头 -11(-17,-4) 0.002 看电视 -19(-25,-13) <0.001 木头 -13(-17,-8) <0.001
木头 -17(-24,-9) <0.001 哈密瓜 -10(-15,-4) 0.003 -19(-26,-13) <0.001 家庭 -12(-17,-7) <0.001
哈密瓜 -15(-21,-8) <0.001 乳牛 -9(-14,-3) 0.005 -16(-21,-12) <0.001 蜜蜂 -12(-16,-7) <0.001
乳牛 -11(-17,-5) 0.001 家庭 -8(-15,-2) 0.018 哈密瓜 -15(-19,-11) <0.001 乳牛 -12(-17,-8) <0.001
蜜蜂 -9(-14,-5) <0.001 8(2,15) 0.012 乳牛 -15(-20,-9) <0.001 河马 -11(-15,-7) <0.001
河马 -9(-14,-3) 0.004 妈妈 7(3,12) 0.001 河马 -12(-17,-8) <0.001 哈密瓜 -10(-14,-6) <0.001
5(0,11) 0.072 河马 -7(-12,-2) 0.010 你好 -11(-16,-7) <0.001 你好 -9(-13,-5) <0.001
你好 -3(-9,4) 0.319 蜜蜂 -2(-8,-4) 0.511 -10(-15,-5) <0.001 -7(-12,-3) 0.002
-3(-10,6) 0.567 你好 -1(-6,5) 0.843 妈妈 -9(-13,-5) <0.001 -5(-10,-1) 0.026
妈妈 1.5(-4,6) 0.575 1(-6,9) 0.809 -9(-13,-4) <0.001 妈妈 -3(-6,1) 0.113
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