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中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版) ›› 2022, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (02) : 82 -88. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1366.2022.02.003

论著

术前鼻牙槽塑形术对婴儿期单侧完全性唇腭裂颌面三维形态影响的初步研究
郑亚琪1, 赵满1, 吴国锋2,()   
  1. 1. 深圳市龙华区人民医院口腔科,深圳 518109
    2. 南京大学医学院附属口腔医院,南京市口腔医院口腔修复科,南京 210008
  • 收稿日期:2022-02-24 出版日期:2022-04-01
  • 通信作者: 吴国锋

Preliminary study on effect of pre-surgical nasal-alveolar molding on maxillofacial three-dimensional morphology of unilateral complete cleft lip and palate infants

Yaqi Zheng1, Man Zhao1, Guofeng Wu2,()   

  1. 1. Department of Stomatology, the People′s Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518109, China
    2. Department of Prosthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
  • Received:2022-02-24 Published:2022-04-01
  • Corresponding author: Guofeng Wu
  • Supported by:
    Key Research and Development Project (Social Development) of Jiangsu Province(BE2019622); Scientific Research Projects of Medical and Health Institutions of Longhua District, Shenzhen(2021112)
引用本文:

郑亚琪, 赵满, 吴国锋. 术前鼻牙槽塑形术对婴儿期单侧完全性唇腭裂颌面三维形态影响的初步研究[J/OL]. 中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版), 2022, 16(02): 82-88.

Yaqi Zheng, Man Zhao, Guofeng Wu. Preliminary study on effect of pre-surgical nasal-alveolar molding on maxillofacial three-dimensional morphology of unilateral complete cleft lip and palate infants[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Stomatological Research(Electronic Edition), 2022, 16(02): 82-88.

目的

研究婴儿期单侧完全性唇腭裂修复术前鼻牙槽塑形术及唇裂修复术期间颌面部表面形貌发育变化情况。

方法

临床征集2019—2021年间南京市口腔医院口腔修复科收治单侧完全性唇腭裂患儿,筛选出10例纳入研究(6例男婴、4例女婴),首次就诊均为出生后2周内,即行术前鼻牙槽塑形术,约3个月龄时行唇裂修复手术;治疗期间连续定期应用3dMD面部三维系统进行颌面部表面扫描,术前矫治期内时间点选择以每隔2周为1个临床记录时间(即患儿出生后第2、4、6、8、10和12周),后续以唇裂修复手术后1周、术后6个月各为1个记录时间点,共计8个时间节点。每次收集唇腭裂患儿面部14个软组织标志点信息,并进一步分成唇部生长发育指标、鼻部生长发育指标和鼻部畸形发育指标三部分,并采用SPSS 19.0应用配对t检验对数据进行统计学分析。

结果

鼻翼长度(ac′-prn)由(18.5 ± 1.6)mm减小为(17.1 ± 1.0)mm,差异有统计学意义(t = 4.03,P = 0.003),鼻底宽度(sbal′-sn)由(20.5 ± 3.5)mm减小为(17.7 ± 3.3)mm,差异有统计学意义(t = 3.91,P = 0.004),鼻小柱高度(sn″-c′)由(1.8 ± 0.4)mm增加为(4.7 ± 0.6)mm,差异有统计学意义(t = 4.12,P = 0.003),矫治术前、术后对比差异均具有统计学意义;唇裂修复术后1周,患侧指标鼻小柱高度(sn″-c′)由(4.7 ± 0.6)mm增加为(5.8 ± 0.6)mm,差异有统计学意义(t = 3.41,P = 0.008),唇高唇长增加,鼻底宽度及鼻翼长度减小,鼻小柱偏斜角度(∠α)由(29.0 ± 12.7)°减小为(5.3 ± 3.4)°,差异有统计学意义(t = 6.34,P<0.001),健侧指标唇裂术前、术后差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。唇裂修复术后6个月,健侧唇部和鼻部生长发育指标保持增长趋势,患侧指标则基本保持不变。

结论

术前矫治期间单侧完全性唇腭裂患儿鼻小柱高度逐渐增加、鼻翼形态改善明显,而患侧唇部和健侧鼻唇部生长发育未受限制,唇裂修复术后单侧完全性唇腭裂患儿健患侧鼻唇三角区形态对称性提高,并于术后6个月可保持治疗效果。

Objective

To study the morphology of unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (UCLP) infants during pre-surgical nasal-alveolar molding (PNAM) and after cheiloplasty.

Methods

From 2019 to 2021, 23 infants with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate were recruited, and 10 infants (6 males and 4 females) were selected for the study. The infants were treated with PNAM after the first visit within 2 weeks after birth and cheiloplasty in about 3 months after birth. During the treatment, three dimensional images were recorded and measured by 3dMD system every two weeks during PNAM (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 weeks after born) as well as in one week and half a year after cheiloplasty, i.e., 8 nodes in total. A total of 14 indices of maxillofacial morphology were recorded every time, which were grouped into lip growth index, nasal growth index and nasal deformity development index. Data analysis was performed by paired-samples t test with SPSS 19.0.

Results

The developmental curve of maxillofacial morphology of UCLP infants with PNAM and cheiloplasty was obtained. During the preoperative correction period and PNAM, the growth index of both sides kept increasing, with statistical difference. The nasal deformity development index of cleft side decreased constantly: ac′-prn reduced from (18.5 ± 1.6) mm to (17.1 ± 1.0) mm (t = 4.03, P = 0.003) ; sbal′-sn reduced from (20.5 ± 3.5) mm to (17.7 ± 3.3) mm (t = 3.91, P = 0.004) ; sn″-c′ reduced from (1.8 ± 0.4) mm to (4.7 ± 0.6) mm (t = 4.12, P = 0.003) . The height of nasal column as well as the height and length of lip increased one week after cheiloplasty: sn″-c′ increased from (4.7 ± 0.6) mm to (5.8 ± 0.6) mm (t = 3.41, P = 0.008) , whereas the width of nose floor and length of nose wing decreased, while the slant angle of the nasal columella (∠α) reduced from (29.0 ± 12.7) ° to (5.3 ± 3.4) ° (t = 6.34, P<0.001) . There was no significant statistical difference before and after surgery in normal side (P>0.05) . In half a year after cheiloplasty, the growth trend of the normal side was maintained, and the growth index of the cleft side remained unchanged.

Conclusions

During PNAM, the nasal column height and nasal wing morphology of the infants with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate were improved gradually, but the growth and development of the cleft side were not limited. The symmetry of nasolabial triangle area was improved after cheiloplasty, and the therapeutic effect could be maintained half a year after treatment.

图2 单侧完全性唇腭裂患儿3个月龄时进行唇裂修复术后即刻术区照片
图3 单侧完全性唇腭裂患儿颌面部三维数字化模型 A:正面观;B:患侧侧面观;C:健侧侧面观;D:鼻底观。
图4 单侧完全性唇腭裂患儿颌面部测量位点及示意图 A:正面观;B:鼻底观示意图。sn:鼻小柱基底点;sn′/sn″:鼻小柱基底点向两侧平行延伸与鼻孔轮廓的交点;c/c′:鼻小柱最高点;sbal/sbal′:鼻翼内侧最低点;prn:鼻尖点;ac/ac′:鼻翼最外侧与面部相交点;ch/ch′:口角点;cph/cph′:唇峰点;sn′-c/sn″-c′(mm):鼻小柱的高度;sbal-sn/sbal′-sn(mm):鼻底的宽度;ac-sn/ac′-sn(mm):鼻基部的宽度,结合上一指标可观察鼻翼位置的相对变化;ac-prn/ac′-prn(mm):鼻翼的长度,可观察鼻小柱偏斜畸形的矫正情况;sbal-cph/sbal′-cph′(mm):鼻翼唇峰距,可观察唇高的变化情况;sbal-ch/sbal′-ch′(mm):鼻翼口角距,可观察唇高的变化情况;ch-cph/ch′-cph′(mm):唇长并可观察其变化情况;∠α(°):面中线与鼻小柱长轴夹角,即鼻小柱倾斜度。
图5 单侧完全性唇腭裂患儿治疗期间颌面部软组织一系列数字化模型及照片 A:初诊时(患儿2周龄)数字化模型;B:初诊时(患儿2周龄)鼻底观照片;C:术前鼻牙槽塑形术后(患儿3个月龄)数字化模型;D:术前鼻牙槽塑形术后(患儿3个月龄)正面观照片;E:唇裂修复术后1周患儿数字化模型;F:唇裂修复术后1周患儿正面照片;G:唇裂修复术后6个月患儿数字化模型;H:唇裂修复术后6个月患儿正面照片。
表1 10例单侧完全性唇腭裂患儿治疗不同时间点唇长(ch′-cph′)测量数据(mm)
图6 10例单侧完全性唇腭裂患儿治疗期间健侧生长发育指标曲线图
表2 10例单侧完全性唇腭裂患儿治疗期间健侧测量指标变化情况(±s
图7 10例单侧完全性唇腭裂患儿治疗期间患侧鼻部生长发育及畸形发育指标曲线图
表3 10例单侧完全性唇腭裂患儿治疗期间患侧测量指标变化情况(±s
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