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中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版) ›› 2012, Vol. 6 ›› Issue (03) : 257 -265. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1366.2012.03.007

基础研究

牙周干预措施对动脉粥样硬化影响的实验动物研究
孙丽莉1, 石学雪1, 任秀云1,(), 常乐1, 林牧1, 岳姿洁1   
  1. 1.030001 太原,山西医科大学口腔医院牙周科
  • 收稿日期:2012-02-26 出版日期:2012-06-01
  • 通信作者: 任秀云
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(31050002)山西省自然科学基金(2010011050-1)山西医科大学科技创新基金(01200904)

Influence of periodontal interventions on atherosclerosis in animals

Li-li SUN1, Xue-xue SHI1, Xiu-yun REN1,(), Le CHANG1, Mu LIN1, Zi-jie YUE1   

  1. 1.Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
  • Received:2012-02-26 Published:2012-06-01
  • Corresponding author: Xiu-yun REN
引用本文:

孙丽莉, 石学雪, 任秀云, 常乐, 林牧, 岳姿洁. 牙周干预措施对动脉粥样硬化影响的实验动物研究[J/OL]. 中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版), 2012, 6(03): 257-265.

Li-li SUN, Xue-xue SHI, Xiu-yun REN, Le CHANG, Mu LIN, Zi-jie YUE. Influence of periodontal interventions on atherosclerosis in animals[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Stomatological Research(Electronic Edition), 2012, 6(03): 257-265.

目的

模拟牙周炎患者日常生活中的牙周干预措施,研究各种牙周干预措施对SD大鼠动脉粥样硬化(As)发生、发展的影响。

方法

SD 大鼠随机分为4 组:正常对照组(A 组)、As 组(B 组)、As 合并牙周炎组(C 组)、牙周炎组(D 组),将C 组根据牙周干预措施不同再分为不治疗组(C1 组)、刮治组(C2 组)、药物治疗组(C3 组)和拔除患牙组(C4 组)。 对各组进行相应的建模处理,苏木精-伊红染色,光学显微镜下观察牙周组织、颈动脉血管壁组织的病理变化,酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测血清超敏C 反应蛋白(hsCRP)的含量。

结果

病理切片发现B 组、C3 组和D 组颈动脉血管壁均可见大量泡沫细胞形成、聚集;C1 组和C4 组可见内膜下有钙盐沉积,中膜弹力纤维紊乱、破坏;C2 组可见纤维帽的形成及斑块破裂。 牙周干预处理后,所有建模组和干预处理组的血清hsCRP 含量均较A 组明显升高(P<0.05);C1 组、C2 组、C3 组的hsCRP 含量较B 组明显升高(P<0.05);且C2 组hsCRP 的含量高于C1 组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

结论

对于SD 大鼠,无论有无高脂状态,牙周炎均可引起或加重As 的发生发展;而在高脂状态下,直接牙周干预都可能加重As 病变,其中牙周直接刮治处理的影响在短期内可能会更严重,且hsCRP 可能参与了As加重的病变过程。

Objective

We established the periodontitis and atherosclerosis (As) model in rats,simulated with periodontal interventions (including no treatment, tooth extractions, systemic antibiotics,scaling and root planning) to explore the relationship between periodontal diseases and atherosclerosis.

Methods

The SD rats were seperated into 4 groups: Control group (A group), As group (B group),As+periodontitis group (C group), periodontitis group (D group). As+periodontitis groups were seperated in to C1 group (no treatment), C2 group (scaling and root planning), C3 group (systemic antibiotics treatment), C4 group (tooth extractions). The pathological lesion of carotid artery plaque was stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Serum hsCRP levels were evaluated before periodontal interventions and 1 weeks after interventions by ELISA analysis. All animals were scarificed after 14 weeks.

Results

Histologic sections revealed increased foam cells infiltration in group B (atherosclerosis), group D (periodontitis)and group C3 (systemic antibiotics); In the group C1 (no treatment) and group C4 (dental extractions),foam cells and inflammatory cells were evident. In group C2 (scaling and root planning), fibrous cap of atherosclerotic plaque formed and even ruptured. After periodontal interventions, the serum hsCRP of group B and C was significantly higher than control group (P<0.05); Compared with group B, the levels of serum hsCRP of group C2 and C3 were significantly increased (P<0.05). The serum hsCRP of group C2 was significantly higher than the group C1 (P<0.05).

Conclusions

Periodontitis may accelerates the progression of atherosclerosis in rats. In rats with periodontitis associated with systemically cardiovascular diseases or systemic inflammation, direct periodontal interventions may accelerate carotid atherogenic plaque progression, especially scaling and root planing. Therefore, proper time of periodontal basic therapy on patients with cardiovascular diseases should be carefully considered.

图1 牙周炎模型的建立
图2 实验流程安排
表1 牙周干预前后各组牙周参数比较(±s)
图3 As 合并牙周炎组牙周干预后肉眼观 A. C1 组,牙龈轻度退缩,BI=4,可见根分叉病变; B. C2 组,一侧牙龈色粉红,轻度退缩,无出血,亦无松动; C. C3 组,牙龈轻微红肿,BI=3,松动度Ⅰ°~Ⅱ°; D. C4 组,拔牙窝愈合良好,第二磨牙松动度Ⅲ°~Ⅳ°
图4 牙周组织病理学改变(HE × 40) A. A 组,牙周组织结构正常,无炎症反应; B. C1 组,牙槽骨发生垂直吸收; C. C2 组,浅牙周袋,无骨吸收; D. C3 组,无炎症反应,有深牙周袋; E. C4 组,拔牙窝,有新骨形成; F. D 组,可见深牙周袋、牙周膜增宽、牙槽骨吸收,牙周炎模型建立成功
图5 牙周组织病理学改变(HE × 400) 牙周炎模型建立成功时,可见牙周膜内纤维排列紊乱,大量炎症细胞存在,如淋巴细胞、单核细胞等(箭头)
图6 颈动脉血管组织病理学改变(HE × 400) A. A 组,血管壁厚度均匀一致,内膜完整,未见泡沫细胞; B. B 组,血管壁增厚,内膜凹凸不平,有泡沫细胞形成(箭头),SMC 发生变性,弹力纤维排列紊乱; C. C1 组,血管壁厚薄不均,钙盐沉积明显,弹力纤维破坏; D. C2 组,有纤维帽形成; E. C3 组,SMC 萎缩,弹力纤维排列紊乱、破坏; F. C4 组,血管壁厚薄不均,大量泡沫细胞,弹力纤维紊乱、破坏,钙盐沉积; G. D 组,泡沫细胞形成,且出现脂质沉积,炎症细胞贴附于血管壁
图7 各组牙周干预前后hsCRP 含量的变化 与正常对照组比较,aP<0.05;与As 组比较,bP<0.05;cn≤3;与不治疗组比较,dP<0.05;与正常对照组比较,eP<0.01;与As 组比较,fP<0.01
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