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中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (04) : 319 -326. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1366.2026.04.009

所属专题： 文献；

生物材料专栏·综述

光固化3D打印全瓷修复体数字化设计研究进展
梁浩文1, 郭嘉文2, 古发辉3, 王童通4, 孙进兴4,†()   
  1. 1广东职业技术学院艺术设计学院，佛山　528041
    2中山大学附属口腔医院，光华口腔医学院，广东省口腔医学重点实验室，广东省口腔疾病临床医学研究中心，广州　510055
    3广东工贸职业技术学院计算机与信息工程学院，广州　510510
    4中山大学先进制造学院，深圳　518107
  • 收稿日期:2026-06-27 出版日期:2026-08-01
  • 通信作者: 孙进兴

A review of digital design for ceramic dentures fabricated by vat photopolymerization 3D printing

Haowen Liang1, Jiawen Guo2, Fahui Gu3, Tongtong Wang4, Jinxing Sun4,†()   

  1. 1Guangdong Polytechnic, College of Art and Design, Foshan 528041, China
    2Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, Guangzhou 510055, China
    3Guangdong Polytechnic of Industry and Commerce, School of Computer and Information Engineering, Guangzhou 510510, China
    4School of Advanced Manufacturing, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
  • Received:2026-06-27 Published:2026-08-01
  • Corresponding author: Jinxing Sun
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(52405373); Foshan Self-funded Science and Technology Innovation(2520001003142); High-level Talent Research Start-up Fund of Guangdong Polytechnic(XJGCC202519)
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梁浩文, 郭嘉文, 古发辉, 王童通, 孙进兴. 光固化3D打印全瓷修复体数字化设计研究进展[J/OL]. 中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(04): 319-326.

Haowen Liang, Jiawen Guo, Fahui Gu, Tongtong Wang, Jinxing Sun. A review of digital design for ceramic dentures fabricated by vat photopolymerization 3D printing[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Stomatological Research(Electronic Edition), 2026, 20(04): 319-326.

光固化三维（3D）打印技术凭借其高成型自由度与表面精度，已成为制备高适配度全瓷修复体的重要手段。然而，成型过程中的尺寸偏差与翘曲变形等现象严重制约了其临床适配性。本文旨在系统梳理光固化3D打印全瓷修复体在数字化形态设计与形变补偿领域的最新研究进展，为高精度义齿的设计与制造提供理论指导。在几何形态设计层面，本文分析了三维卷积神经网络、生成对抗网络及点云等人工智能（AI）算法的应用；在形变补偿方面，剖析了各向异性缩放因子与切片轮廓偏置等线性补偿算法，并重点论述了有限元热力学物理仿真、智能非线性收缩预测模型以及保形支撑结构等非线性预变形补偿策略。研究表明，AI算法正推动数字化义齿设计由传统人工经验驱动向高保真、数据智能驱动转型。在成型补偿方面，线性补偿算法可有效修正宏观尺寸偏差，但难以解决非均匀畸变；而有限元仿真与AI非线性收缩预测模型能够从物理底层和数据驱动维度有效抑制复杂非线性形变，显著提升了全瓷修复体的最终临床适配精度。数字化形态设计与非线性形变补偿技术是提升光固化全瓷修复体成型精度的核心。未来研究有待对动态生物力学耦合下的义齿形态设计进行深入探索，并进一步推动AI预变形算法在复杂、个性化义齿制造中的临床普及。

关键词: 光固化, 3D打印, 全瓷修复体, 数字化设计, 人工智能, 形变补偿

Vat photopolymerization (VPP) is a crucial 3D printing technology for fabricating ceramic dentures. However, nonlinear dimensional deviations and warpage distortion during the fabrication process severely restrict their clinical adaptability. This review aims to systematically summarize the latest research progress in digital morphological design and deformation compensation strategies for VPP 3D-printed ceramic dentures, providing theoretical guidance for high-precision manufacturing. In geometric morphology design, the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, such as 3D convolutional neural networks, generative adversarial networks, and PointNet methods, were analyzed. Regarding deformation compensation, linear compensation algorithms like anisotropic scaling factors and slice contour offsets were examined. Crucially, nonlinear pre-deformation compensation strategies, including finite element thermodynamic simulations, AI-based nonlinear shrinkage prediction models, and conformal support structures, were discussed in detail. Results indicated that AI algorithms are driving the transition of denture design from experience-based paradigms to data-driven and high-fidelity intelligent models. While linear compensation algorithms effectively correct macroscopic dimensional deviations, they struggle with non-uniform distortions. Conversely, finite element simulations and AI nonlinear shrinkage prediction models can effectively suppress complex nonlinear deformations, significantly improving the final clinical adaptation accuracy of ceramic dentures. Ultimately, digital morphological design and nonlinear deformation compensation technologies are fundamental to improving the accuracy of VPP ceramic dentures. Future research should further explore denture design under dynamic biomechanical coupling and promote the clinical application of AI pre-deformation algorithms for complex, personalized dentures.

Key words: Vat photopolymerization, 3D-printing, Ceramic dentures, Digital design, Artificial intelligence, Deformation compensation
图1 光固化三维（3D）打印全瓷修复体的数字化设计与成型全流程
图2 光固化全瓷修复体的尺寸偏差与形变机理　A：树脂单体的光引发聚合反应；B：层间残余应力引起的非线性翘曲；C：光散射导致的过度固化和边缘特征畸变。
图3 高温热处理阶段全瓷修复体的非均匀形变机理　A：高温下陶瓷晶粒长大和致密化收缩；B：厚度变化引起的不均匀收缩；C：各向异性引起的不对称收缩。
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