切换至 "中华医学电子期刊资源库"

中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (06) : 393 -399. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1366.2025.06.007

论著

新疆喀什市3 ~ 5岁儿童乳牙龋纵向变化分析
叶子悟1,2, 周燕2, 祖木来提·艾尔肯1, 刘娜1, 廖贵清2, 邱小玲3, 周震3, 努尔比亚·阿不都西库1,()   
  1. 1喀什地区第一人民医院口腔科,喀什 844099
    2中山大学附属口腔医院,光华口腔医学院,广东省口腔医学重点实验室,广东省口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,广州 510055
    3南方医科大学口腔医院,广州 510280
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-05 出版日期:2025-12-01
  • 通信作者: 努尔比亚·阿不都西库

Longitudinal analysis of dental caries in primary teeth among 3- to 5-year-old children in Kashgar, Xinjiang

Ziwu Ye1,2, Yan Zhou2, Aierken Zumulaiti1, Na Liu1, Guiqing Liao2, Xiaoling Qiu3, Zhen Zhou3, Abuduxiku Nuerbiya1,()   

  1. 1First People's Hospital of Kashgar, Kashgar 844099, China
    2Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, Guangzhou 510055, China
    3Stomatological Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
  • Received:2025-01-05 Published:2025-12-01
  • Corresponding author: Abuduxiku Nuerbiya
  • Supported by:
    "Tianshan Talent" Training Program(2024TSYCJC0036); Scientific Research Projects of Kashgar Region First People's Hospital(KDYY202426, KDYY202405); Guangdong Rural Special Commissioner Project(KTPYJ2024010)
引用本文:

叶子悟, 周燕, 祖木来提·艾尔肯, 刘娜, 廖贵清, 邱小玲, 周震, 努尔比亚·阿不都西库. 新疆喀什市3 ~ 5岁儿童乳牙龋纵向变化分析[J/OL]. 中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(06): 393-399.

Ziwu Ye, Yan Zhou, Aierken Zumulaiti, Na Liu, Guiqing Liao, Xiaoling Qiu, Zhen Zhou, Abuduxiku Nuerbiya. Longitudinal analysis of dental caries in primary teeth among 3- to 5-year-old children in Kashgar, Xinjiang[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Stomatological Research(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(06): 393-399.

目的

探讨新疆喀什市3 ~ 5岁儿童乳牙龋的患病现状及动态变化特点,分析其影响因素,为该地区儿童乳牙龋病的防治提供科学依据。

方法

采用随机抽样方法,选取喀什市城、郊两地两所幼儿园的3 ~ 5岁儿童,2021年5月开展现状调查,1年后随访。通过视诊与探诊相结合的方式,采用世界卫生组织(WHO)推荐的龋病诊断标准和软垢指数评估儿童乳牙龋和口腔卫生状况。采用卡方检验和配对秩和(Wilcoxon符号秩)检验比较不同年份及组间差异。

结果

基线调查共招募315名3 ~ 5岁儿童,患龋率为74.3%,龋均为2.51,1年后患龋率上升至86.7%(χ2 = 17.398,P<0.001),龋均为2.83(W = 12 759.0,P = 0.022)。男孩(χ2 = 7.220,P = 0.007)和女孩患龋率(χ2 = 9.818,P = 0.002)1年后均显著升高。3岁儿童患龋率增幅最大,由65.8%升至83.6%(χ2 = 13.796,P<0.001)。3 ~ 5岁儿童龋均由2.51上升到2.83(W = 12 759.0,P = 0.022)。其中女孩(W = 1 926.0,P = 0.018)、3岁儿童(W = 1 940.5,P<0.001)、维吾尔族儿童龋均呈显著上升(W = 3 633.0,P = 0.034)。此外,315名儿童的软垢指数由4.95升至5.43(W = 5 479.0,P<0.001),除4岁儿童外(W = 398.5,P = 0.249),其余分组的软垢指数变化差异均有统计学意义。调查问卷结果显示居于城区(χ2 = 14.138,P<0.001)、高频进食奶制品(χ2 = 4.700,P = 0.030)、未使用含氟牙膏(χ2 = 4.310,P = 0.038)和父母口腔知识评分较低(χ2 = 11.270,P<0.001)是儿童患龋的影响因素。

结论

喀什市3 ~ 5岁儿童乳牙龋患病率较高。1年后在3岁维吾尔族女孩中乳牙龋加重更明显,纵向调查龋病发病率更有价值,对于重点人群的重点防控具有指导意义。

Objective

To investigate the prevalence and dynamic changes of dental caries in primary teeth among 3- to 5-year-old children in Kashgar, Xinjiang, analyze its influencing factors, and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of dental caries in this region.

Methods

A random sampling method was employed to select children aged 3-5 from two kindergartens in urban and suburban areas of Kashgar City. A baseline survey was conducted in May 2021, followed by a follow-up survey one year later. Caries and oral hygiene status were assessed using the WHO diagnostic criteria for caries and the Debris Index, combining visual inspection and probing. Chi-square (χ2) tests and paired Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to compare differences between years and groups.

Results

The baseline survey included 315 children aged 3-5, with a caries prevalence of 74.3% and a mean dmft of 2.51. One year later, the caries prevalence increased to 86.7% (χ2 = 17.398, P<0.001), and the mean dmft rose to 2.83 (W = 12 759.0, P = 0.022). The caries prevalence significantly increased in both boys (χ2 = 7.220, P = 0.007) and girls (χ2 = 9.818, P = 0.002). The largest increase in caries prevalence was observed in 3-year-old children, rising from 65.8% to 83.6% (χ2 = 13.796, P<0.001). The mean dmft for children aged 3-5 increased from 2.51 to 2.83 (W = 12 759.0, P = 0.022), with significant increases observed in girls (W = 1 926.0, P = 0.018), 3-year-old children (W = 1 940.5, P<0.001), and Uygur children (W = 3 633.0, P = 0.034). Additionally, the Debris Index for the 315 children increased from 4.95 to 5.43 (W = 5 479.0, P<0.001), with statistically significant changes in all subgroups except for 4-year-old children (W = 398.5, P = 0.249). The questionnaire results indicated that urban residence (χ2 = 14.138, P<0.001), frequent dairy consumption (χ2 = 4.700, P = 0.030), non-use of fluoride toothpaste (χ2 = 4.310, P = 0.038), and lower parental oral health knowledge scores (χ2 = 11.270, P<0.001) were significant influencing factors for childhood dental caries.

Conclusions

The prevalence of deciduous tooth caries is high among children aged 3-5 in Kashgar City. Over the course of one year, the severity of caries increased more significantly in 3-year-old children, girls, and Uygur children. Longitudinal surveys on caries incidence are of greater value and provide guidance for targeted prevention and control in key populations.

图1 喀什市315名3 ~ 5岁儿童2021—2022年患龋率变化情况 A:男孩和女孩2021—2022年患龋率变化情况;B:3 ~ 5岁儿童2021—2022年患龋率变化情况;C:汉族和维吾尔族2021—2022年患龋率变化情况;aP<0.05,bP<0.001,cP>0.05。
表1 喀什市3 ~ 5岁315名儿童2021—2022年患龋率变化情况
图2 喀什市3 ~ 5岁儿童乳牙患龋率年度趋势线图
图3 喀什市3 ~ 5岁315名儿童乳牙龋发病率 A:男孩和女孩2021—2022年乳牙龋发病率;B:3 ~ 5岁儿童2021—2022年乳牙龋发病率;C:汉族和维吾尔族2021—2022年乳牙龋发病率;aP<0.05,bP>0.05。
表2 喀什市3 ~ 5岁315名儿童2021—2022年平均患龋牙数和龋均变化情况
表3 喀什市3 ~ 5岁315名儿童2021—2022年软垢指数(DI)平均值变化情况
表4 喀什市3 ~ 5岁儿童乳牙龋病患病影响因素的单因素分析
调查项目 调查人数 患龋人数 患龋率(%) χ2 P
性别       0.190 0.663
180 137 76.11    
131 96 73.28    
民族       3.890 0.049
汉族 133 108 81.20    
维吾尔族 178 126 70.79    
年龄       11.470 0.003
3岁 150 100 66.67    
4岁 73 63 86.30    
5岁 88 70 79.55    
居住地       14.138 <0.001
城区 262 201 76.72    
乡镇 49 24 48.98    
出生体重       0.560 0.455
正常(2 500 ~ 4 000 g) 16 10 62.50    
肥大儿(>4 000 g) 295 219 74.24    
喂养方式       0.020 0.992
纯母乳喂养 109 79 72.48    
纯人工喂养 35 25 71.43    
混合喂养 167 121 72.46    
饮食习惯          
进食点心糖果       0.750 0.386
高频 70 54 77.14    
中频+低频 241 171 70.95    
进食甜饮料       1.350 0.245
高频 66 52 78.79    
中频+低频 245 173 70.61    
进食加糖奶制品       4.700 0.030
高频 67 56 83.58    
中频+低频 244 169 69.26    
睡前吃甜点或喝甜饮料       0.420 0.811
经常 32 22 68.75    
偶尔 189 136 71.96    
从不 90 67 74.44    
孩子每日刷牙吗       2.120 0.145
每日刷牙 226 146 64.60    
不是每日刷牙 85 63 74.12    
孩子几岁开始刷牙       0.070 0.794
≤2岁 96 68 70.83    
>2岁 215 157 73.02    
帮助孩子刷牙吗       0.390 0.531
每天 109 76 69.72    
不是每天 202 149 73.76    
刷牙时用含氟牙膏       4.310 0.038
84 53 63.10    
227 172 75.77    
孩子去医院看过牙吗       1.790 0.181
86 57 66.28    
225 168 74.67    
父母文化程度       0.230 0.630
≥高中 242 173 71.49    
<高中 69 52 75.36    
父母口腔态度评分       3.240 0.072
0~3分 51 48 94.12    
4~6分 260 216 83.08    
父母口腔知识评分       11.270 <0.001
0 ~ 10分 121 105 86.78    
11 ~ 20分 190 132 69.47    
[1]
Zou J, Du Q, Ge L, et al. Expert consensus on early childhood caries management[J]. Int J Oral Sci202214(1):35. DOI:10.1038/s41368-022-00186-0.
[2]
Shokravi M, Khani-Varzgan F, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, et al. The impact of child dental caries and the associated factors on child and family quality of life[J]. Int J Dent2023:4335796. DOI:10.1155/2023/4335796.
[3]
Zaror C, Matamala-Santander A, Ferrer M, et al. Impact of early childhood caries on oral health-related quality of life:A systematic review and Meta-analysis[J]. Int J Dent Hyg202220(1):120-135. DOI:10.1111/idh.12494.
[4]
Vos MB, Kaar JL, Welsh JA, et al. Added sugars and cardiovascular disease risk in children:A scientific statement from the american heart association[J]. Circulation2017135(19):e1017-e1034. DOI:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000439.
[5]
Kazeminia M, Abdi A, Shohaimi S, et al. Dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children's worldwide,1995 to 2019:A systematic review and Meta-analysis[J]. Head Face Med202016(1):22. DOI:10.1186/s13005-020-00237-z.
[6]
Uribe SE, Innes N, Maldupa I. The global prevalence of early childhood caries:A systematic review with Meta-analysis using the WHO diagnostic criteria[J]. Int J Paediatr Dent202131(6):817-830. DOI:10.1111/ipd.12783.
[7]
Folayan MO, El Tantawi M, Vukovic A, et al. Governance,maternal well-being and early childhood caries in 3-5-year-old children[J]. BMC Oral Health202020(1):166. DOI:10.1186/s12903-020-01149-9.
[8]
Reisine S, Douglass JM. Psychosocial and behavioral issues in early childhood caries[J]. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol199826(Suppl 1):32-44. DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1998.tb02092.x.
[9]
Costa NC, Knorst JK, Brondani B, et al. Early childhood factors in the development of oral health behaviours in adolescence:A structural equation modelling approach[J]. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol202351(5):738-745. DOI:10.1111/cdoe.12748.
[10]
Chaffee BW, Rodrigues PH, Kramer PF, et al. Oral health-related quality-of-life scores differ by socioeconomic status and caries experience[J]. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol201745(3):216-224. DOI:10.1111/cdoe.12279.
[11]
Folayan MO, Tantawi ME, Virtanen JI, et al. An ecological study on the association between universal health service coverage index,health expenditures,and early childhood caries[J]. BMC Oral Health202121(1):126. DOI:10.1186/s12903-021-01500-8.
[12]
Hu S, Sim YF, Toh JY, et al. Infant dietary patterns and early childhood caries in a multi-ethnic Asian cohort[J]. Sci Rep20199(1):852. DOI:10.1038/s41598-018-37183-5.
[13]
Lam PPY, Chua H, Ekambaram M, et al. Risk predictors of early childhood caries increment:A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Evid Based Dent Pract202222(3):101732. DOI:10.1016/j.jebdp.2022.101732.
[14]
Gurav KM, Shetty V, Vinay V, et al. Effectiveness of oral health educational methods among school children aged 5-16 years in improving their oral health status:A Meta-analysis[J]. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent202215(3):338-349. DOI:10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2395.
[15]
中国营养学会. 中国居民膳食指南科学研究报告(2021)[M]. 北京:人民卫生出版社,2021.
[1] 王雅琴, 赵赫, 张军. 孕期宫颈息肉摘除术孕妇妊娠结局分析及妊娠合并宫颈息肉孕妇妊娠结局影响因素分析[J/OL]. 中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版), 2025, 21(02): 165-170.
[2] 倪立桐, 李世俊. 学龄前孤独症谱系障碍患儿杏仁核体积及白质纤维连接研究[J/OL]. 中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版), 2025, 21(01): 29-36.
[3] 夏明林, 孙琦, 姜庆玲. 根治性放疗后肿瘤退缩率及放疗前血红蛋白水平与宫颈癌患者预后的关系研究[J/OL]. 中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版), 2024, 20(06): 668-674.
[4] 谢鑫鑫, 韩梅盈, 杨春燕, 申青华, 刘风敏, 李丛, 张德志, 类维凯. 联合指标对支气管肺发育不良早产儿进展为中至重度的早期预测价值[J/OL]. 中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版), 2024, 20(06): 611-618.
[5] 夏婷君, 段耀祥, 段霞, 刘金凤. 助产士共情疲劳现状及影响因素研究[J/OL]. 中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版), 2024, 20(03): 302-311.
[6] 李欣, 魏艺, 张娟, 张娟娟, 凌秀凤, 赵纯, 张媔秋. 高龄女性冻胚移植周期临床妊娠结局的影响因素分析[J/OL]. 中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版), 2024, 20(03): 276-283.
[7] 李午丽, 赵春晖, 孙成, 郑桂婷, 孟丹婕, 李颂. 选择性与完全去龋技术治疗恒牙深龋近髓的临床疗效比较[J/OL]. 中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(04): 243-249.
[8] 钟佩芝, 杜宇. 龋病诊断方法的研究进展[J/OL]. 中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(02): 73-79.
[9] 罗远杰, 杨靖梅, 孟姝, 敖逸博, 申道南. 槲皮素防治口腔疾病的研究进展[J/OL]. 中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(02): 117-122.
[10] 韩婧, 郝少龙, 康骅. 北京市单中心甲状腺癌患者临床特征的回顾分析[J/OL]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(05): 490-493.
[11] 陈文进, 张月君, 王传泰. 腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术后肠梗阻发生的影响因素研究[J/OL]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(04): 389-392.
[12] 陈静, 王晓玲, 安康. 老年进展期胃癌术后腹膜转移的相关因素及治疗进展[J/OL]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(02): 225-228.
[13] 彭祺, 马丽娜, 李倩倩, 陈旭. 重症病毒性肺炎机械通气脱机的影响因素分析[J/OL]. 中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版), 2024, 17(02): 260-263.
[14] 冯江涛, 王奇, 胡永成, 张树泉. 中国中老年人群腰背痛患病率及相关危险因素的队列研究[J/OL]. 中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志, 2024, 10(02): 70-79.
[15] 王伟伟, 李霞林, 龚景进, 孙雯, 张丽姿, 王永. 复发性子痫前期临床特征及影响因素分析[J/OL]. 中华产科急救电子杂志, 2025, 14(02): 95-101.
阅读次数
全文


摘要


AI


AI小编
你好!我是《中华医学电子期刊资源库》AI小编,有什么可以帮您的吗?