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中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版) ›› 2018, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (06) : 347 -353. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1366.2018.06.004

所属专题: 文献

临床研究

颅颌面三维头影中解剖标志点定位测量的稳定性研究
周桂龙1, 白石柱2, 田磊1, 史雨林1, 惠泽明3, 刘彦普1,()   
  1. 1. 710032 西安,军事口腔医学国家重点实验室,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,陕西省口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,空军军医大学第三附属医院颌面外科
    2. 710032 西安,军事口腔医学国家重点实验室,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,陕西省口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,空军军医大学第三附属医院修复科
    3. 710032 西安,军事口腔医学国家重点实验室,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,陕西省口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,空军军医大学第三附属医院儿童口腔科
  • 收稿日期:2018-09-13 出版日期:2018-12-01
  • 通信作者: 刘彦普
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2017JZ026)

A study on the stability of anatomical landmark location in craniofacial three dimensional cephalometric analysis

Guilong Zhou1, Shizhu Bai2, Lei Tian1, Yulin Shi1, Zeming Hui3, Yanpu Liu1,()   

  1. 1. National Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Medical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanxi Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center of Stomatology, Stomatology Hospital of The Fourth Military Medical University, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xi′an 710032, China
    2. National Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Medical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanxi Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center of Stomatology, Stomatology Hospital of The Fourth Military Medical University, Department of Prosthodontics, Xi′an 710032, China
    3. National Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Medical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanxi Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center of Stomatology, Stomatology Hospital of The Fourth Military Medical University, Department of Children Stomatology, Xi′an 710032, China
  • Received:2018-09-13 Published:2018-12-01
  • Corresponding author: Yanpu Liu
  • About author:
    Corresponding author: Liu Yanpu, Email:
引用本文:

周桂龙, 白石柱, 田磊, 史雨林, 惠泽明, 刘彦普. 颅颌面三维头影中解剖标志点定位测量的稳定性研究[J]. 中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版), 2018, 12(06): 347-353.

Guilong Zhou, Shizhu Bai, Lei Tian, Yulin Shi, Zeming Hui, Yanpu Liu. A study on the stability of anatomical landmark location in craniofacial three dimensional cephalometric analysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Stomatological Research(Electronic Edition), 2018, 12(06): 347-353.

目的

探讨颅颌面三维头影测量时解剖标志点定位方法的稳定性。

方法

首先收集20例颌面部发育正常人群的CT数据,利用Mimics Research 19.0分别对软、硬组织进行三维重建,再将重建的三维数据以STL文件格式导入Geomagic Studio 2014软件中。然后利用软件的对象移动器功能重新建立坐标系并确定测量头位。其次,3名观察者根据给定的45个颌面部软、硬组织解剖标志点定义进行实验前的软件操作培训。2周后,按照0、1、2个月的时间间隔,分别对20例三维重建数据进行标志点的标定和测量,得到20例头颅模型的45个标志点的9组坐标数据,然后用观察者内、观察者间组内相关系数(ICC)和混合效应模型分析对各标志点的坐标值进行分析。

结果

(1)ZvR、ZvL、OrL、PR、PL等5个标志点的观察者内ICC结果在0.75 ~ 0.9,表示可重复性较好;(2)ZvR、ZvL、OrL、ZpR、ZpL等5个标志点观察者间ICC结果在0.75 ~ 0.9,表示可重复性较好,其中ZpR、ZpL等2个标志点主要表现在Y轴的异常;(3)ANS、BcR、BcL等3个标志点观察者内和观察者间ICC结果<0.75,表示可重复性差,且主要集中于X轴的不稳定;(4)PR、PL等2个标志点的观察者间ICC<0.75,表示可重复性差,主要为X轴的不稳定;(5)剩余的35个解剖标志点的观察者内和观察者间ICC值均≥0.9,具有很高的可重复性。

结论

颅颌面部解剖标志点的三维头影测量时,常规定点方法的稳定性有限,并不能保证全部解剖标志点有很高的可靠性,还需建立另一种定点方法予以补充,为得到更准确的诊断评价提供帮助。

Objective

To explore the stability of anatomical markers in the measurement of craniomaxillofacial three-dimensional head shadow.

Methods

First, 20 cases of normal population were collected for maxillofacial CT data, respectively for 3d reconstruction of soft and hard tissue, and then the reconstructed 3d skull data were imported into Geomagic Studio 2014 software. Use the object shifter function of the software to determine the measurement head position and re-establish the coordinate system. Secondly, software operation training was conducted after 3 subjects were given the anatomical definition of 45 soft and hard tissue anatomical markers commonly used in clinical practice. After 2 weeks, 20 cranial data were determined and measured respectively according to the time interval of 0 month, 1 month and 2 months, and the coordinate values of each marker were analyzed by using the intra-group correlation coefficient (ICC) .

Results

The results were 0.75 ~ 0.9 for the observer ICC of 5 markers, stilzvr, ZvL, OrL, PR and PL, indicating that repeatability was acceptable. The ICC results among the observers of five mark points, namely ZvR, ZvL, OrL, ZpR, ZpL, were between 0.75 and 0.9, indicating that repeatability was acceptable. Among them, 2 mark points, ZpR and ZpL, were mainly shown as abnormal on the Y-axis. The results of the ICC in and between the observers of 3 markers, such as the bahnans, BcR, and BcL, were<0.75, indicating poor repeatability and mainly focused on the instability of the X-axis. The interobserver ICC<0.75 between the two markers, such as fs, PL, etc., represents poor repeatability and is mainly the instability of the X-axis. The ICC values of the remaining 35 anatomical markers in and between the observers were greater than or equal to 0.9, which was highly repeatable.

Conclusions

In the measurement of three-dimensional head shadow of the craniomaxillofacial anatomical markers, the stability of the conventional fixed point method is limited, which cannot guarantee the high reliability of all the anatomical markers. It is necessary to establish another fixed point method to supplement it, so as to provide help for more accurate diagnosis and evaluation.

图1 硬组织头位矫正(旋转中心为头颅模型的体中心)
表1 硬组织解剖标志点定义
表2 软组织解剖标志点定义
序号 名称 缩写 定义
1 眉间点 G 额部软组织最前面的中点
2 右外眦点 ExR 右眼裂隙的外侧的软组织交汇点
3 左外眦点 ExL 左眼裂隙的外侧的软组织交汇点
4 右內眦点 EnR 右眼裂内侧连合处的软组织交汇点
5 左內眦点 EnL 左眼裂内侧连合处的软组织交汇点
6 右眶下点 OrR 右眶下边缘的最低处的软组织点,在三维硬组织眶下点的水平上被投影
7 左眶下点 OrL 左眶下边缘的最低处的软组织点,在三维硬组织眶下点的水平上被投影
8 鼻根点 N 鼻根基部软组织轮廓上的中点,鼻额缝表面所覆盖之软组织的最凹点
9 鼻尖点 Prn 鼻部软组织的最突点
10 鼻下点 Sn 鼻小柱与上唇之交点,代表上唇基底部的位置
11 右鼻翼点 AcR 右鼻翼插入面部的基点
12 左鼻翼点 AcL 左鼻翼插入面部的基点
13 右颧弓点 ZyR 右颧弓的软组织轮廓上最外侧的点
14 左颧弓点 ZyL 左颧弓的软组织轮廓上最外侧的点
15 右颊点 TR 过右侧外眦点垂线与两侧口角连线的延长线在面部软组织上的交点
16 左颊点 TL 过左侧外眦点垂线与两侧口角连线的延长线在面部软组织上的交点
17 右口角点 ChR 在口裂的右侧外角上,上下唇移行部在外侧端相接的点
18 左口角点 ChL 在口裂的左侧外角上,上下唇移行部在外侧端相接的点
19 上唇最突点 LS 上唇的最突点
20 下唇最突点 LL 下唇的最突点
21 上唇凹点 As 鼻下点与上唇突点弧形连线之最凹点
22 下唇凹点 Bs 颏唇沟之最凹点,代表下唇之基底
23 颏前点 Pg 颏部软组织的最前点,代表软组织颏部的位置
24 颏下点 Mes 自然头位时,颏部正中联合在正中矢状面上最低点
25 右下颌角点 GoR 右下颌角软组织轮廓最向外、向下、向后突出的点
26 左下颌角点 GoL 左下颌角软组织轮廓最向外、向下、向后突出的点
图2 在三维重建图像上采用直接选点的实验方法观察各解剖标志点,并得出相应的三维坐标数据
表3 解剖标志点观察者内X、Y、Z轴组内相关系数(ICC)频率分布表[n(%)]
表4 观察者内组内相关系数(ICC)<0.9的解剖标志点统计表
表5 解剖标志点观察者间X、Y、Z轴组内相关系数(ICC)频率分布表[n(%)]
表6 观察者间组内相关系数(ICC)<0.9的解剖标志点统计表
图3 混合效应模型分析P<0.05的标志点百分比条图
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