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中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (02) : 119 -125. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1366.2026.02.006

所属专题: 文献

论著

下颌第三磨牙拔除与下牙槽神经损伤的影响因素分析
刘湘奇, 吴家顺, 罗雪婷, 田美霞, 杨辛, 匡世军()   
  1. 中山大学附属口腔医院,光华口腔医学院,广东省口腔医学重点实验室,广东省口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,广州 510055
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-01 出版日期:2026-04-01
  • 通信作者: 匡世军

Analysis of the risk factors between mandibular third molar extraction and inferior alveolar nerve injury

Xiangqi Liu, Jiashun Wu, Xueting Luo, Meixia Tian, Xin Yang, Shijun Kuang()   

  1. Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, Guangzhou 510055, China
  • Received:2025-09-01 Published:2026-04-01
  • Corresponding author: Shijun Kuang
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(81902778); Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou(2023A04J2167)
引用本文:

刘湘奇, 吴家顺, 罗雪婷, 田美霞, 杨辛, 匡世军. 下颌第三磨牙拔除与下牙槽神经损伤的影响因素分析[J/OL]. 中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(02): 119-125.

Xiangqi Liu, Jiashun Wu, Xueting Luo, Meixia Tian, Xin Yang, Shijun Kuang. Analysis of the risk factors between mandibular third molar extraction and inferior alveolar nerve injury[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Stomatological Research(Electronic Edition), 2026, 20(02): 119-125.

目的

探讨下颌第三磨牙(M3M)拔除与下牙槽神经(IAN)损伤之间的相关危险因素,用于术前IAN损伤风险评估。

方法

回顾性分析中山大学附属口腔医院2023年1月至2024年12月期间拔除的724颗M3M临床资料,依据M3M拔除后是否出现IAN损伤将其分为IAN损伤组和无IAN损伤组,采用卡方检验比较两组患者临床特征指标水平,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析M3M拔除与IAN损伤之间的相关危险因素。

结果

经过卡方检验,两组之间差异有统计学意义的指标包括年龄、性别、M3M埋伏深度、M3M根部弯曲、下颌管(IAC)的相对方位、IAC的形态及IAN暴露等因素。单因素Logistic回归分析显示这些指标是导致IAN损伤的独立风险因素。多因素逻辑回归分析表明年龄≥30岁的患者比年龄<30岁的患者,IAN损伤的风险更高(OR = 2.250);女性患者IAN损伤的风险比男性更高(OR = 3.223);M3M埋伏越深,IAN损伤风险越大(OR = 2.977);弯曲的牙根IAN损伤风险比无弯曲的牙根更高(OR = 3.875);神经位于M3M的颊侧比舌侧IAN损伤的风险降低(OR = 0.263);牙根与IAC越紧密,IAN损伤风险越高(OR = 1.942);M3M拔除后IAN暴露发生损伤的风险更高(OR = 5.566)。依据多因素Logistic回归分析的预测值绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),其曲线下面积(AUC)为0.861,灵敏度为0.843,特异度为0.789。

结论

30岁以上的女性患者,当哑铃形的IAC位于低位阻生的M3M舌侧时,应视为高风险IAN损伤的病例。如果同时发现M3M牙根弯曲,拔除后IAN暴露,则M3M拔除后出现IAN损伤的风险更高。

Objective

To explore the risk factors between the extraction of the mandibular third molars (M3M) and the injury of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN), and to construct a preoperative risk evaluation model for M3M extraction.

Methods

From January 2023 to December 2024, a total of 724 M3Ms extracted at the Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University were retrospectively enrolled in this study. The subjects were divided into the IAN injury group and the non-IAN injury group based on whether IAN injury occurred after M3M extraction. Chi-square test was used to compare the clinical characteristic indicators between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore the risk factors between M3M extraction and IAN injury.

Results

Chi-square test showed statistically significant differences between the two groups, including age, gender, M3M impaction depth, M3M root curvature, relative position of the inferior alveolar canal (IAC), IAC morphology, and IAN exposure. Univariate logistic regression analysis indicated that these indicators were independent risk factors for IAN injury. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that patients aged 30 or above had a higher risk of IAN injury than those under 30 (OR = 2.250) ; female patients had a higher risk of IAN injury than male patients (OR = 3.223) ; the deeper the M3M impaction, the higher the risk of IAN injury (OR = 2.977) ; curved roots had a higher risk of IAN injury than non-curved roots (OR = 3.875) ; the risk of IAN injury was lower when the nerve was located on the lingual side of M3M than on the buccal side (OR = 0.263) ; the closer the root was to the IAC, the higher the risk of IAN injury (OR = 1.942) ; and IAN exposure after M3M extraction increased the risk of IAN injury (OR = 5.566). Based on the predictive values of multivariate logistic regression analysis, a ROC curve was drawn, with an AUC of 0.861, a sensitivity of 0.843, and a specificity of 0.789.

Conclusions

Female patients over 30 years old and the dumbbell-shaped IAC located on the lingual side of the low-positioned impacted M3M should be regarded as high-risk cases for IAN injury. If M3M root curvature and IAN exposure after extraction are also found, the risk of IAN injury would be even higher after M3M extraction.

图1 下颌管(IAC)与下颌第三磨牙(M3M)牙根位置分类的锥形束CT(CBCT)冠状面图像 A:IAC位于M3M牙根的舌侧;B:IAC位于M3M牙根的颊侧;C:IAC位于M3M牙根下方;D;IAC位于M3M牙根之间。
图2 下颌管(IAC)与下颌第三磨牙(M3M)牙根接触最紧密时的IAC形状锥形束CT(CBCT)冠状面图像 A:圆形或椭圆形;B:泪滴形;C:哑铃形。
表1 724例患者下牙槽神经(IAN)损伤组与无损伤组的临床数据对比
表2 对下牙槽神经(IAN)损伤影响因素进行Logistic回归分析的自变量赋值表
表3 724颗下颌第三磨牙拔除后下牙槽神经(IAN)损伤影响因素的单因素Logistic回归分析结果
表4 724颗下颌第三磨牙拔除后下牙槽神经(IAN)损伤影响因素的多因素Logistic回归分析结果
图3 下牙槽神经损伤的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)
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