切换至 "中华医学电子期刊资源库"

中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版) ›› 2022, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (01) : 34 -40. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1366.2022.01.006

论著

516例头颈部恶性肿瘤根治术后谵妄危险因素分析
赵姗1, 杨迎慧1, 沈梦圆1, 李晓东2, 叶为民3, 李胜男4, 孟箭2,()   
  1. 1. 蚌埠医学院口腔医学院,蚌埠 233000
    2. 徐州市中心医院口腔科,徐州 221000
    3. 上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院·口腔医学院口腔颌面-头颈肿瘤科,上海 200011
    4. 潍坊医学院口腔医学院,潍坊 261000
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-22 出版日期:2022-02-01
  • 通信作者: 孟箭

Risk factors associated with postoperative delirium after surgery for head and neck cancer in 516 consecutive cases

Shan Zhao1, Yinghui Yang1, Mengyuan Shen1, Xiaodong Li2, Weimin Ye3, Shengnan Li4, Jian Meng2,()   

  1. 1. School of Stomatology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
    2. Department of Stomatology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221000, China
    3. Department of Oromaxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People′s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
    4. School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical College, Weifang 261000, China
  • Received:2021-11-22 Published:2022-02-01
  • Corresponding author: Jian Meng
  • Supported by:
    Health and Family Planning Commission of Jiangsu Province(H2017080); Science and Technology Project of Xuzhou(KC21187); Project Supported by the Development Fund of Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University(XYFY2020035)
引用本文:

赵姗, 杨迎慧, 沈梦圆, 李晓东, 叶为民, 李胜男, 孟箭. 516例头颈部恶性肿瘤根治术后谵妄危险因素分析[J]. 中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版), 2022, 16(01): 34-40.

Shan Zhao, Yinghui Yang, Mengyuan Shen, Xiaodong Li, Weimin Ye, Shengnan Li, Jian Meng. Risk factors associated with postoperative delirium after surgery for head and neck cancer in 516 consecutive cases[J]. Chinese Journal of Stomatological Research(Electronic Edition), 2022, 16(01): 34-40.

目的

评估头颈部恶性肿瘤根治术后谵妄的危险因素,为临床制定术后谵妄防治的应对措施提供依据。

方法

本研究为回顾性队列研究,纳入2018年10月1日至2021年10月1日于徐州中心医院和上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院口腔颌面外科接受头颈恶性肿瘤手术的患者共516例,其中男328例、女188例。对相关危险因素和生命体征进行了回顾和收集。依据谵妄评估量表,将患者分为谵妄组(65例,男44例、女21例)和非谵妄组(451例,男284例、女167例)。采用单变量和多变量Logistic回归分析进行统计学处理。

结果

在本项研究中,头颈部恶性肿瘤根治术后谵妄发生率为12.2%(65/516)。组间单因素分析结果显示,年龄(Z = 4.62,P<0.001)、吸烟史(χ2 = 5.46,P = 0.019)、酗酒史(χ2 = 5.74,P = 0.017)、手术时间(Z = 4.50,P<0.001)、气管切开(χ2 = 14.26,P<0.001)、输血(χ2 = 22.87,P<0.001)、游离皮瓣移植(χ2 = 23.65,P<0.001)、重症监护时间(Z = 2.20,P = 0.028)、术后疼痛VAS值(Z = 3.64,P<0.001)、术后睡眠障碍(χ2 = 21.19,P<0.001)、术后发热(χ2 = 28.95,P<0.001)与术后谵妄相关。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,与谵妄相关的危险因素包括年龄(OR = 1.05,95%CI:1.02 ~ 1.08,P<0.001)、输血(OR = 2.64,95%CI:1.38 ~ 5.03,P = 0.003)、气管切开(OR = 4.02,95%CI:1.61 ~ 10.07,P = 0.003)、术后睡眠障碍(OR = 6.64,95%CI:3.43 ~ 12.84,P<0.001)、发热(OR = 3.28,95%CI:1.39 ~ 7.72,P = 0.007)和术后疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)值(OR = 1.42,95%CI:1.17 ~ 1.71,P<0.001)。

结论

本研究确定了年龄、是否输血、气管切开、术后睡眠障碍、发热及术后疼痛是头颈部恶性肿瘤根治术后患谵妄的独立危险因素,可采取一定措施,同时提高围手术期的疼痛控制可能有助于预防谵妄的发生。

Objective

To determine the risk factors associated with delirium in patients undergoing head and neck cancer surgery, and to provide a reference for clinical prevention and control of postoperative delirium (POD) .

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included 516 patients undergoing head and neck cancer surgery from October 1, 2018 to October 1, 2021 in department of oral maxillofacial head and neck oncology, Xuzhou Center Hospital and Shanghai Ninth People′s Hospital, in which 328 were male and 188 were female. The associated risk factors and vital signs were reviewed and collected. According to the postoperative results evaluated with Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) , the patients were divided into delirium (65 cases, 44 males and 21 females) and non-delirium group (451 cases, 284 males and 167 females) . Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify the risk factors associated with POD.

Results

The incidence of delirium after head and neck cancer surgery was 12.2% (65/516) . Single factor analysis between groups in age (Z = 4.62, P<0.001) , smoking (χ2 = 5.46, P = 0.019) , drinking (χ2 = 5.74, P = 0.017) , operation time (Z = 4.50, P<0.001) , tracheotomy (χ2 = 14.26, P<0.001) , intraoperative blood transfusion (χ2 = 22.87, P<0.001) , free flap (χ2 = 23.65, P<0.001) , ICU guardianship time (Z = 2.20, P = 0.028) , and postoperative VAS pain (Z = 3.64, P<0.001) , sleep disorders (χ2 = 21.19, P<0.001) , postoperative fever (χ2 = 28.95, P<0.001) showed statistical differences (P<0.05) . Logistic multivariable analysis showed the risk factors associated with POD included age (OR = 1.05, 95%CI: 1.02-1.08, P<0.001) , intraoperative blood transfusion (OR = 2.64, 95%CI: 1.38-5.03, P = 0.003) , tracheotomy (OR = 4.02, 95%CI: 1.61-10.07, P = 0.003) , postoperative sleep disorder (OR = 6.64, 95%CI: 3.43-12.84, P<0.001) , fever (OR = 3.28, 95%CI: 1.39-7.72, P = 0.007) , and postoperative pain (OR = 1.42, 95%CI: 1.17-1.71, P<0.001) .

Conclusions

Age, intraoperative blood transfusion, tracheotomy, postoperative sleep disorder, fever and postoperative pain were the risk factors for delirium after head and neck surgery. Active preventive measures improving the pain control should be taken to prevent the occurrence of postoperative delirium.

表1 516例头颈部恶性肿瘤根治术后谵妄发生的单变量危险因素统计结果
影响因素 谵妄(n=65) 非谵妄(n=451) 检验值 P
术前变量        
  性别[例(%)]     χ2=0.55 0.460
    44(67.7) 284(63.0)    
    21(32.3) 167(37.0)    
  年龄(岁, ± s 65 ± 13 57 ± 16 Z=4.62 <0.001
  BMI(kg/m2±s 23.3 ± 2.9 23.1 ± 3.3 t=0.82 0.411
  高血压[例(%)]     χ2=2.12 0.146
    21(32.3) 108(24.0)    
    44(67.7) 343(76.0)    
  糖尿病[例(%)]     χ2=0.14 0.712
    12(18.5) 75(16.6)    
    53(81.5) 376(83.4)    
  心脏病[例(%)]     χ2=2.66 0.103
    8(12.3) 27(6.0)    
    57(87.7) 424(94.0)    
  脑血管病[例(%)]     χ2=0.04 0.850
    6(9.2) 45(10.0)    
    59(90.8) 406(90.0)    
  吸烟[例(%)]     χ2=5.46 0.019
    29(44.6) 136(30.2)    
    36(55.4) 315(69.8)    
  酗酒[例(%)]     χ2=5.74 0.017
    22(33.8) 93(20.6)    
    43(66.2) 358(79.4)    
术中变量        
  手术时间(min,±s 483±110 385±169 Z=4.50 <0.001
  气管切开[例(%)]     χ2=14.26 <0.001
    56(86.2) 281(62.3)    
    9(13.8) 170(37.7)    
  输血[例(%)]     χ2=22.87 <0.001
    40(61.5) 141(31.3)    
    25(38.5) 310(68.7)    
  游离皮瓣移植[例(%)]     χ2=23.65 <0.001
    60(92.3) 278(61.6)    
    5(7.7) 173(38.4)    
术后变量        
  重症监护时间(d,±s 1.2±0.6 1.1±1.0 Z=2.20 0.028
  术后疼痛VAS值(±s 3.4±1.9 2.5±1.5 Z=3.64 <0.001
  术后睡眠障碍[例(%)]     χ2=21.19 <0.001
    45(69.2) 105(23.3)    
    20(30.8) 346(76.7)    
  术后发热[例(%)]     χ2=28.95 <0.001
    57(87.7) 236(52.3)    
    8(12.3) 215(47.7)    
  再次手术[例(%)]     χ2=42.67 <0.001
    22(33.8) 56(12.4)    
    43(66.2) 395(87.6)    
  住院时间(d, ± s 24 ± 5 21±6 Z=3.91 <0.001
表2 头颈部恶性肿瘤根治术后谵妄发生的多因素Logistic回归分析结果
[1]
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Delirium:prevention,diagnosis and management[EB/OL].(2019-03-14)[2021-11-01].

URL    
[2]
Hosker C,,Ward D. Hypoactive delirium[J]. BMJ2017357:j2047. DOI:10.1136/bmj.j2047.
[3]
Crawford JE,,Zubair F,,Baniulyte G,et al. Postoperative delirium in patients with head and neck oral cancer in the West of Scotland[J]. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg202159(3):353-361. DOI:10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.08.116.
[4]
余晓宁,蔡洁琛,黄利浩,等.口腔颌面部手术术后谵妄危险因素的Meta分析[J/OL].中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版)201913(3):166-173. DOI:10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1366.2019.03.006.
[5]
陈佳伟.口腔头颈部手术术后谵妄危险因素的Meta分析[D].上海:上海交通大学,2014.
[6]
Austin CA,,O′Gorman T,,Stern E,et al. Association between postoperative delirium and long-term cognitive function after major nonemergent surgery[J]. JAMA Surg2019154(4):328-334. DOI:10.1001/jamasurg.2018.5093.
[7]
Booka E,,Kamijo T,,Matsumoto T,et al. Incidence and risk factors for postoperative delirium after major head and neck cancer surgery[J]. J Craniomaxillofac Surg201644(7):890-894. DOI:10.1016/j.jcms.2016.04.032.
[8]
Raats JW,,van Eijsden WA,,Crolla RM,et al. Risk factors and outcomes for postoperative delirium after major surgery in elderly patients[J]. PLoS One201510(8):e136071. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0136071.
[9]
Janssen TL,,de Vries J,,Lodder P,et al. The effects of elective aortic repair,colorectal cancer surgery and subsequent postoperative delirium on long-term quality of life,cognitive functioning and depressive symptoms in older patients[J]. Aging Ment Health202125(5):896-905. DOI:10.1080/13607863.2020.1725807.
[10]
Lingehall HC,,Smulter NS,,Lindahl E,et al. Preoperative cognitive performance and postoperative delirium are independently associated with future dementia in older people who have undergone cardiac surgery:A longitudinal cohort study[J]. Crit Care Med201745(8):1295-1303. DOI:10.1097/CCM.0000000000002483.
[11]
李晓东,孟箭,张凌,等. 238例头颈肿瘤患者重建术后谵妄危险因素分析[J].中国口腔颌面外科杂志202018(3):226-230. DOI:10.19438/j.cjoms.2020.03.007.
[12]
Cui V,,Tedeschi CM,,Kronzer VL,et al. Protocol for an observational study of delirium in the post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU)as a potential predictor of subsequent postoperative delirium[J]. BMJ Open20177(7):e16402. DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016402.
[13]
Ren ZH,,Hu CY,,He HR,et al. Global and regional burdens of oral cancer from 1990 to 2017:Results from the global burden of disease study[J]. Cancer Commun(Lond)202040(2-3):81-92. DOI:10.1002/cac2.12009.
[14]
Patterson RH,,Fischman VG,,Wasserman I,et al. Global burden of head and neck cancer:Economic consequences,health,and the role of surgery[J]. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg2020162(3):296-303. DOI:10.1177/0194599819897265.
[15]
Edwards DA,,Medhavy A,,Hoffman OG,et al. Postoperative delirium is associated with prolonged head and neck resection and reconstruction surgery:An institutional study[J]. J Oral Maxillofac Surg202179(1):249-258. DOI:10.1016/j.joms.2020.08.004.
[16]
Numan T,,van den Boogaard M,,Kamper AM,et al. Recognition of delirium in postoperative elderly patients:A multicenter study[J]. J Am Geriatr Soc201765(9):1932-1938. DOI:10.1111/jgs.14933.
[17]
Sousa G,,Pinho C,,Santos A,et al. Postoperative delirium in patients with history of alcohol abuse[J]. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim201764(4):214-222. DOI:10.1016/j.redar.2016.07.009.
[18]
Ishibashi-Kanno N,,Takaoka S,,Nagai H,et al. Postoperative delirium after reconstructive surgery for oral tumor:A retrospective clinical study[J]. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg202049(9):1143-1148. DOI:10.1016/j.ijom.2020.01.018.
[19]
Wang Y,,Shen X. Postoperative delirium in the elderly:The potential neuropathogenesis[J]. Aging Clin Exp Res201830(11):1287-1295. DOI:10.1007/s40520-018-1008-8.
[20]
Meier J,,Wunschel M,,Angermann A,et al. Influence of early elective tracheostomy on the incidence of postoperative complications in patients undergoing head and neck surgery[J]. BMC Anesthesiol201919(1):43. DOI:10.1186/s12871-019-0715-9.
[21]
Hasegawa T,,Saito I,,Takeda D,et al. Risk factors associated with postoperative delirium after surgery for oral cancer[J]. J Craniomaxillofac Surg201543(7):1094-1098. DOI:10.1016/j.jcms.2015.06.011.
[22]
Makiguchi T,,Yokoo S,,Kurihara J. Risk factors for postoperative delirium in patients undergoing free flap reconstruction for oral cancer[J]. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg201847(8):998-1002. DOI:10.1016/j.ijom.2018.03.011.
[23]
Guo Y,,Sun L,,Li L,et al. Impact of multicomponent,nonpharmacologic interventions on perioperative cortisol and melatonin levels and postoperative delirium in elderly oral cancer patients[J]. Arch Gerontol Geriatr201662:112-117. DOI:10.1016/j.archger.2015.10.009.
[24]
Gofton TE,,Young GB. Sepsis-associated encephalopathy[J]. Nat Rev Neurol20128(10):557-566. DOI:10.1038/nrneurol.2012.183.
[25]
Clark BS,,Swanson M,,Widjaja W,et al. ERAS for head and neck tissue transfer reduces opioid usage,peak pain scores,and blood utilization[J]. Laryngoscope2021131(3):E792-E799. DOI:10.1002/lary.28768.
[26]
Westhoff D,,Engelen-Lee JY,,Hoogland I,et al. Systemic infection and microglia activation:A prospective postmortem study in sepsis patients[J]. Immun Ageing201916:18. DOI:10.1186/s12979-019-0158-7.
[27]
Imai T,,Kurosawa K,,Asada Y,et al. Enhanced recovery after surgery program involving preoperative dexamethasone administration for head and neck surgery with free tissue transfer reconstruction:Single-center prospective observational study[J]. Surg Oncol202034:197-205. DOI:10.1016/j.suronc.2020.04.025.
[28]
Hinther A,,Nakoneshny SC,,Chandarana SP,et al. Efficacy of multimodal analgesia for postoperative pain management in head and neck cancer patients[J]. Cancers(Basel)202113(6):1266. DOI:10.3390/cancers13061266.
[29]
Kant IMJ,,de Bresser J,,van Montfort SJT,et al. Preoperative brain MRI features and occurrence of postoperative delirium[J]. J Psychosom Res2021140:110301. DOI:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110301.
[30]
Sun Y,,Ye F,,Wang J,et al. Electroencephalography-guided anesthetic delivery for preventing postoperative delirium in adults:An updated Meta-analysis[J]. Anesth Analg2020131(3):712-719. DOI:10.1213/ANE.0000000000004746.
[31]
Janssen TL,,Alberts AR,,Hooft L,et al. Prevention of postoperative delirium in elderly patients planned for elective surgery:Systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Clin Interv Aging201914:1095-1117. DOI:10.2147/CIA.S201323.
[1] 刘欢颜, 华扬, 贾凌云, 赵新宇, 刘蓓蓓. 颈内动脉闭塞病变管腔结构和血流动力学特征分析[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(08): 809-815.
[2] 马艳波, 华扬, 刘桂梅, 孟秀峰, 崔立平. 中青年人颈动脉粥样硬化病变的相关危险因素分析[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(08): 822-826.
[3] 唐旭, 韩冰, 刘威, 陈茹星. 结直肠癌根治术后隐匿性肝转移危险因素分析及预测模型构建[J]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(01): 16-20.
[4] 吴方园, 孙霞, 林昌锋, 张震生. HBV相关肝硬化合并急性上消化道出血的危险因素分析[J]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(01): 45-47.
[5] 陈旭渊, 罗仕云, 李文忠, 李毅. 腺源性肛瘘经手术治疗后创面愈合困难的危险因素分析[J]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(01): 82-85.
[6] 晏晴艳, 雍晓梅, 罗洪, 杜敏. 成都地区老年转移性乳腺癌的预后及生存因素研究[J]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(06): 636-638.
[7] 倪文凯, 齐翀, 许小丹, 周燮程, 殷庆章, 蔡元坤. 结直肠癌患者术后发生延迟性肠麻痹的影响因素分析[J]. 中华结直肠疾病电子杂志, 2023, 12(06): 484-489.
[8] 侯超, 潘美辰, 吴文明, 黄兴广, 李翔, 程凌雪, 朱玉轩, 李文波. 早期食管癌及上皮内瘤变内镜黏膜下剥离术后食管狭窄的危险因素[J]. 中华消化病与影像杂志(电子版), 2023, 13(06): 383-387.
[9] 张雯, 宋牡丹, 邓雪婷, 张云. 强化营养支持辅助奥曲肽治疗肝硬化合并食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的疗效及再出血危险因素[J]. 中华消化病与影像杂志(电子版), 2023, 13(06): 456-460.
[10] 陆猛桂, 黄斌, 李秋林, 何媛梅. 蜂蛰伤患者发生多器官功能障碍综合征的危险因素分析[J]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(9): 1010-1015.
[11] 李达, 张大涯, 陈润祥, 张晓冬, 黄士美, 陈晨, 曾凡, 陈世锔, 白飞虎. 海南省东方市幽门螺杆菌感染现状的调查与相关危险因素分析[J]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(08): 858-864.
[12] 李琪, 黄钟莹, 袁平, 关振鹏. 基于某三级医院的ICU多重耐药菌医院感染影响因素的分析[J]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(07): 777-782.
[13] 孟科, 李燕, 闫婧爽, 闫斌. 胶囊内镜胃通过时间的影响因素分析[J]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(06): 671-675.
[14] 杨艳丽, 陈昱, 赵若辰, 杜伟, 马海娟, 许珂, 张莉芸. 系统性红斑狼疮合并血流感染的危险因素及细菌学分析[J]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(06): 694-699.
[15] 孙培培, 张二明, 时延伟, 赵春燕, 宋萍萍, 张硕, 张克, 周玉娇, 赵璨, 闫维, 吴蓉菊, 宋丽萍, 郭伟安, 马石头, 安欣华, 包曹歆, 向平超. 北京市石景山区40岁及以上居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病患病情况及相关危险因素分析[J]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(06): 711-719.
阅读次数
全文


摘要