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中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版) ›› 2021, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (03) : 129 -134. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1366.2021.03.001

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影响短种植体成功率的因素探讨
安维康1, 张薇1, 郑亚飞1, 马楚凡2,†()   
  1. 1. 军事口腔医学国家重点实验室，国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心，陕西省口腔医学重点实验室，空军军医大学第三附属医院修复科，西安　710032
    2. 军事口腔医学国家重点实验室，国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心，陕西省口腔医学重点实验室，空军军医大学第三附属医院修复科，西安　710032；空军军医大学特色医学中心口腔科，北京　100142
  • 收稿日期:2021-02-04 出版日期:2021-06-01
  • 通信作者: 马楚凡

The factors affecting the success rate of short implant

Weikang An1, Wei Zhang1, Yafei Zheng1, Chufan Ma2,†()   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
    2. State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Department of Stomatology, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing 100142, China
  • Received:2021-02-04 Published:2021-06-01
  • Corresponding author: Chufan Ma
  • Supported by:
    National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases(LCB202001)
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安维康, 张薇, 郑亚飞, 马楚凡. 影响短种植体成功率的因素探讨[J]. 中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版), 2021, 15(03): 129-134.

Weikang An, Wei Zhang, Yafei Zheng, Chufan Ma. The factors affecting the success rate of short implant[J]. Chinese Journal of Stomatological Research(Electronic Edition), 2021, 15(03): 129-134.

当受到解剖因素的限制，导致种植区可用骨高度不足时，使用短种植体（长度≤6 mm）逐渐成为一种治疗选择。短种植体的应用扩大了种植修复的适应证，简化了种植手术。短种植体虽然具有以上优势，但在临床应用中实际成功率仍然低于常规植体，限制了其在临床上的广泛应用。因此探究合理的选择适应证、分析哪些因素会对短种植体的成功率产生影响，对于更好地发挥短种植体的临床优势、提高成功率是非常有意义的。本文通过系统的文献回顾，分析直径、外形设计、表面特性、冠/种植体长度比等因素对短种植体成功率的影响，有助于临床医生全面了解短种植体，并在临床应用中进行合理选择。

关键词: 牙种植体, 成功率, 表面特性, 外形设计, 直径, 冠/种植体长度比

When the height of available bone in the implant site is insufficient due to the limitation of anatomical factors, the use of short dental implants (length ≤6 mm) gradually becomes a potential treatment choice. The application of short implants expands the indications of dental implants and simplifies the surgery procedure, which can also reduce the cost and shorten the treating time. Although short implants have the advantages mentioned above, the actual success rate in clinical application is still lower than that of conventional implants, which limits their clinical application. Therefore, to investigate the selection of reasonable indications and analyze the factors which affect the success rate of short implants are of great significance for dentists to make decision and improve the success rate of short dental implants. Through a systematic review of the literature, this article discussed the definition and indications of short implants, and analyzed the effects of diameter, geometric design, surface characteristics, crown/implant ratio and other factors on the success rate of short implants. It is helpful for dentists to comprehensively understand short dental implants and make a reasonable selection in clinical application.

Key words: Short Dental implants, Success rate, Surface characteristics, Geometric design, Diameter, Crown/implant ratio
表1 不同表面特征种植体种植系统的成功率
作者 年份 种植系统 种植体表面 种植体数（枚） 种植体长度（mm） 种植体直径（mm） 随访（个月） MBL（mm） 成功率（%）
Villa等[20] 2018 Nobel Parallel CC（Nobel Biocare） TiUnite 323 7 4.3、3.75 10.2 ± 7.8 NR 97.3
Rossi等[21] 2018 Straumann SLActive 40 6 4.1、4.8 120 0.8 ± 0.7 91.7
Ajayi等[22] 2017 Bicon HA涂层 55 6、8 NR 12 71.7%：0 96.4
                20.7%：0.1 ~ 0.5  
                3.8%：0.5 ~ 1.0  
                3.8%：1.0 ~ 1.5  
Han等[18] 2016 Astra Tech（Dentsply） Osseospeed 95 6 4 12 -0.13 ± 0.46 95.8
Felice等[23] 2014 Biomet 3i Nano Tite 60 6.6 4 60 1.49 ± 0.40 91.7
Guljé等[24] 2013 Astra Tech（Dentsply） Osseospeed 107 6 4 12 -0.06 ± 0.27 97.0
Urdaneta等[25] 2012 Bicon HA涂层 410 5、6、8 5 30 NR 97.5
Esposito等[26] 2011 Biomet 3i Nano Tite 30例患者 6.3 4 36 1.24 2个脱落
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