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中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版)

中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版) ›› 2017, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (01) : 36 -40. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1366.2017.01.007

所属专题： 文献；

临床研究

儿童龋病与人体质量指数的相关性研究
刘菊华1, 王琦1, 郭仰峰1, 杜雪莹1, 郭丽玲1, 章小缓2,†()   
  1. 1. 510180　广州市中小学卫生健康促进中心
    2. 510055　广州，中山大学光华口腔医学院·附属口腔医院，广东省口腔重点实验室
  • 收稿日期:2016-12-01 出版日期:2017-02-01
  • 通信作者: 章小缓
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(81170969); 广东省医学科研基金(A2016026)

Association of dental caries in children with body mass index

Juhua Liu1, Qi Wang1, Yangfeng Guo1, Xueying Du1, Liling Guo1, Xiaohuan Zhang2,†()   

  1. 1. Guangzhou Primary and Middle School Health Promotion Center, Guangzhou 510180, China
    2. Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
  • Received:2016-12-01 Published:2017-02-01
  • Corresponding author: Xiaohuan Zhang
  • About author:
    Corresponding author: Zhang Xiaohuan, Email:
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引用本文：

刘菊华, 王琦, 郭仰峰, 杜雪莹, 郭丽玲, 章小缓. 儿童龋病与人体质量指数的相关性研究[J]. 中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版), 2017, 11(01): 36-40.

Juhua Liu, Qi Wang, Yangfeng Guo, Xueying Du, Liling Guo, Xiaohuan Zhang. Association of dental caries in children with body mass index[J]. Chinese Journal of Stomatological Research(Electronic Edition), 2017, 11(01): 36-40.

目的

探讨广州市学龄儿童人体质量指数（BMI）和口腔健康之间的关系。

方法

横断面研究7~ 12岁小学生，采用分层随机整群抽样方法，按照《2014年全国学生体质与健康调研实施方案》，于2014年9月至2014年12月开展了学生体质与健康状况调研工作。按方案进行口腔检查，分别记录乳牙和恒牙的龋失补牙数（dmft/DMFT）；同时测量其身高和体重，计算BMI。根据受检儿童的性别、年龄和BMI，分别计算患龋率和龋均。根据《中国6~ 19岁儿童青少年BMI筛查消瘦界值范围》评价消瘦，《中国学龄儿童青少年超重、肥胖筛查体重指数（BMI）分类标准》评价超重和肥胖，将受检儿童分为4组：消瘦组、正常体重组、超重组和肥胖组。采用t检验、卡方检验及方差分析统计方法分析BMI与龋病相关性。提取7、9、12岁的城乡汉族学生口腔数据及BMI数据为研究。

结果

7、9、12岁儿童总数2903人，乳牙患龋率为32.3%（937/2903），恒牙患龋率为3.7%（108/2903）。乳牙龋均为1.27，恒牙龋均为0.09。消瘦组、正常体重组、超重组及肥胖组其检出率分别为10.8%（313/2903）、72.9%（2116/2903）、9.2%（267/2903）、7.2%（209/2903）。消瘦组儿童与正常体重对照组相比，乳牙患龋率差异有统计学意义（χ2= 25.43，P= 0.000）。消瘦与乳牙龋之间，存在相关性且差异有统计学意义。

结论

消瘦与乳牙龋的发生有相关性，改善儿童的营养状况有助于降低乳牙患龋程度。儿童超重/肥胖与龋病之间未见关联。

关键词: 龋齿, 人体质量指数, 儿童, 横断面研究
Objective

To explore the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and oral health among school aged children in Guangzhou.

Methods

A cross-sectional study of 7-12 years old students′ physical fitness and health status was carried out using stratified random cluster sampling method from September 2014 to December 2014 according to the "2014 national student physical fitness and health research plan". Oral examination was performed according to the scheme and the DMFT score number of deciduous teeth and permanent teeth (dmft/DMFT) were recorded. In the meanwhile, the height and weight calculation of BMI was measured. In accordance with the gender, age and BMI of the tested children, the caries prevalence rate and mean DMFT were calculated. The marasmus index was evaluated on the basis of the "Chinese children of 6-19 years old adolescents BMI screening range" and the overweight and obesity were evaluated on the basis of the "China school-age children and adolescents for screening overweight and obesity body mass index (BMI) classification standards". Accordingly, the subjects were divided into 4 groups: marasmus group, the normal body weight group, overweight group and obesity group. By means of t test, chi square test and analysis of variance statistics methods, the correlation between BMI and caries was analyzed. The data of 7, 9 and 12 years old urban and rural Han students were studied by BMI.

Results

The number of tested children of age 7, 9, 12 was 2903 in total, and the caries rate was 32.3% (937/2903) with the caries prevalence rate 3.7% (108/2903) . The mean caries of each subject was 1.27, and the permanent teeth mean caries index was 0.09. The detection rates of the four groups were 10.8% (313/2903) , 72.9% (2116/2903) , 9.2% (267/2903) and 7.2% (209/2903) respectively. Comparing with normal weight children with marasmus group and control group, the difference of prevalence rate of dental caries of deciduous teeth was statistically significant (χ2= 25.43, P= 0.000) . There was a significant correlation between marasmus and deciduous teeth caries.

Conclusions

Marasmus and deciduous teeth caries occurrence are correlated. Improving the nutritional status of children helps reduce the caries degree. There was no statistically significant association between overweight/obesity and dental caries in children.

Key words: Dental caries, Body mass index, Child, Cross-sectional studies
表1 本研究2903名学生的龋患及人体质量指数情况表
主要指标 检出情况
性别［例(%)］ ?
? 男 1432(49.3)
? 女 1471(50.7)
BMI［例(%)］ ?
? 消瘦 313(10.8)
? 正常体重 2114(72.8)
? 超重 267(9.2)
? 肥胖 209(7.2)
患龋率［例(%)］ ?
? 无龋 1832(63.1)
? 乳牙患龋率 937(32.3)
? 恒牙患龋率 108(3.7)
龋均(±s) ?
? 乳牙龋均 1.27 ± 2.346
? 恒牙龋均 0.09 ± 0.472
表2 儿童患龋率与不同人体质量指数分组间的关系[例（%）]
组别 人数 乳牙 恒牙
有龋 无龋 有龋 无龋
消瘦组 313 133(42.5) 180(57.5) 18(5.8) 295(94.2)
正常体重组 2114 709(33.5) 1405(66.5) 100(4.7) 2014(95.3)
超重组 267 66(24.7) 201(75.3) 5(1.9) 262(98.1)
肥胖组 209 55(26.3) 154(73.7) 11(5.3) 198(94.7)
合计 2903 963(33.2) 1940(66.8) 134(4.6) 2769(95.4)
χ2值 ? 25.43 5.741
P值 ? 0.000 0.125
表3 7、9岁学生组不同程度乳牙龋组间身高、体重、人体质量指数比较（±s）
年龄（岁） dmft等级 人数 身高(cm) 体重(kg) BMI(kg/m2)
7 0 620 126.24 ± 5.24 24.94 ± 4.80 1.56 ± 2.33
? 1 96 126.33 ± 5.05 25.00 ± 5.29 1.55 ± 2.43
? 2 174 125.34 ± 5.46 24.51 ± 5.01 1.55 ± 2.19
? 3 155 125.30 ± 5.16 23.86 ± 3.99 1.51 ± 1.79
? 4 169 124.31 ± 5.28 23.26 ± 3.72 1.50 ± 1.65
F值 ? ? 5.344 5.398 3.326
P值 ? ? <0.001 <0.001 0.010
9 0 388 137.81 ± 6.23 33.08 ± 8.35 1.73 ± 3.37
? 1 67 137.96 ± 6.76 32.60 ± 7.19 1.70 ± 2.66
? 2 127 136.29 ± 5.26 30.29 ± 6.56 1.62 ± 2.79
? 3 75 135.93 ± 5.11 28.96 ± 5.55 1.56 ± 2.32
? 4 53 135.03 ± 5.60 29.27 ± 6.66 1.60 ± 3.01
F值 ? ? 4.602 8.370 7.278
P值 ? ? 0.001 <0.001 <0.001
表4 12岁学生组不同程度乳、恒牙龋组间身高、体重、人体质量指数比较
龋失补牙数 人数 身高(cm) 体重(kg) BMI(kg/m2)
dmft ? ? ? ?
? 0 932 155.25 ± 6.98 45.27 ± 9.84 18.66 ± 3.17
? 1 27 150.74 ± 5.95 39.72 ± 6.81 17.39 ± 2.11
? ≥2 20 151.64 ± 5.46 39.39 ± 6.67 17.06 ± 2.28
? F值 ? 8.053 7.695 4.627
? P值 ? <0.001 <0.001 0.010
DMFT ? ? ? ?
? 0 875 155.05 ± 7.02 45.14 ± 9.81 18.65 ± 3.13
? 1 44 155.77 ± 6.11 46.03 ± 10.31 18.89 ± 3.70
? ≥2 60 154.57 ± 7.09 42.19 ± 8.65 17.56 ± 2.77
? F值 ? 0.374 2.821 3.621
? P值 ? 0.688 0.060 0.027
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