口腔感染疾病的发生、发展本质上是口腔微生态失衡后形成口腔感染微生态，并由其驱动组织破坏的过程。口腔感染微生态是健康口腔微生态在内外源因素持续扰动下，经稳态漂移与结构重塑，在感染病灶内形成的具有自我维持能力的病理性生态系统，构成龋病、牙周病和牙髓根尖周病等疾病共同的微生态基础。本文从系统生态学视角出发，将口腔感染微生态解构为生命体、空间与环境介质3个维度：生命体维度涵盖细菌、真菌、病毒和古菌等微生物组分及宿主细胞网络；空间维度包括异质定植界面的表面化学特征、开放-半封闭-封闭的生境谱系及生理性与病理性动态变化；环境介质维度涵盖酸碱度、氧分压与氧化还原电位、温度与流体、营养底物及力学环境等参数的生理-病理偏移。在此基础上，本文系统分析3个维度之间的双向互作关系与反馈耦合机制，阐释病理稳态形成与维持的生态学本质，并对未来研究方向进行展望，旨在为从生态学层面理解口腔感染疾病的发生、发展提供理论参考。

The occurrence and progression of oral infectious diseases are, in essence, a process in which oral microecological imbalance leads to the formation of an oral infectious microecosystem, which subsequently drives tissue destruction. The oral infectious microecosystem is a pathological ecosystem with self-maintaining capacity, formed within infectious lesions through steady-state drift and structural remodeling of the healthy oral microecosystem under continuous perturbations from both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. It constitutes the common microecological foundation for diseases such as dental caries, periodontal disease, and pulpal and periapical diseases. From the perspective of systems ecology, this article deconstructs the oral infectious microecosystem into three dimensions: Living organisms, space, and environmental media. The living organism dimension encompasses microbial components including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea, as well as the host cellular network. The spatial dimension includes the surface chemical characteristics of heterogeneous colonization interfaces, the habitat spectrum ranging from open, semi-closed to closed systems, and the physiological and pathological dynamic changes. The environmental media dimension covers the physiological-pathological shifts in parameters such as pH, oxygen partial pressure and redox potential, temperature and fluid flow, nutrient substrates, and mechanical environment. On this basis, this article systematically analyzes the bidirectional interactions and feedback coupling mechanisms among the three dimensions, elucidates the ecological essence underlying the establishment and maintenance of pathological steady states, and provides perspectives for future research directions, aiming to offer a theoretical reference for understanding the pathogenesis of oral infectious diseases from an ecological standpoint.