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中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (04) : 262 -272. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1366.2026.04.003

生物材料专栏·专家论坛

刺激响应性生物材料在组织修复与再生中的微环境调控策略
张传凯1,2,3,4,5,6, 曾梦1, 向凯1, 任明星1,2,4, 杨生1,2,3,4,5,6,†()   
  1. 1重庆医科大学附属口腔医院，重庆　401147
    2口腔疾病研究重庆市重点实验室，重庆　401147
    3重庆市智慧口腔医疗器械技术创新中心，重庆　401147
    4口腔生物医学工程重庆市高校市级重点实验室，重庆　401147
    5重庆市卫生健康委口腔生物医学工程重点实验室，重庆　401147
    6口腔医疗器械创新与转化重庆市高校工程研究中心，重庆　401147
  • 收稿日期:2026-06-16 出版日期:2026-08-01
  • 通信作者: 杨生

Microenvironment regulation strategies of stimuli-responsive biomaterials in tissue repair and regeneration

Chuankai Zhang1,2,3,4,5,6, Meng Zeng1, Kai Xiang1, Mingxing Ren1,2,4, Sheng Yang1,2,3,4,5,6,†()   

  1. 1The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
    2Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chongqing 401147, China
    3Chongqing Technology Innovation Center of Smart Dental Medical Devices, Chongqing 401147, China
    4Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
    5Chongqing Municipal Health Commission Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing 401147, China
    6Innovation and Transformation of Dental Medical Devices Engineering Research Center of Chongqing Education Commission of China, Chongqing 401147, China
  • Received:2026-06-16 Published:2026-08-01
  • Corresponding author: Sheng Yang
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(82501158)
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张传凯, 曾梦, 向凯, 任明星, 杨生. 刺激响应性生物材料在组织修复与再生中的微环境调控策略[J/OL]. 中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(04): 262-272.

Chuankai Zhang, Meng Zeng, Kai Xiang, Mingxing Ren, Sheng Yang. Microenvironment regulation strategies of stimuli-responsive biomaterials in tissue repair and regeneration[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Stomatological Research(Electronic Edition), 2026, 20(04): 262-272.

组织损伤与退行性疾病的修复重建是临床重大挑战。传统生物材料仅提供静态支撑，难以适配组织修复的动态病理微环境，而刺激响应性生物材料可感知内源性生化信号与外源性物理刺激，通过结构与功能的动态转变实现时空精准调控，成为再生医学研究热点。本文系统阐述刺激响应性生物材料在组织修复再生中的核心作用机制，包括动态力学支撑、生物活性分子控释、细胞行为调控及炎症-免疫-血管生成微环境重塑；按触发信号类型，分类介绍pH、温度、光、超声、磁场及多刺激响应材料的设计原理与研究进展；总结其在骨组织、软组织修复及肿瘤靶向治疗中的应用现状；分析临床转化中面临的响应特异性、生物安全性和规模化制备等关键问题，并对多学科融合、智能闭环调控等未来发展方向进行展望。刺激响应性生物材料为精准化、个性化组织修复与再生提供新思路，具有重要的基础研究价值与临床转化前景。

关键词: 刺激响应性生物材料, 组织修复, 再生医学, 微环境调控, 智能生物材料

The repair and reconstruction of tissue damage and degenerative diseases pose significant clinical challenges. Traditional biomaterials provide only static support and fail to adapt to the dynamic pathological microenvironment of tissue repair. In contrast, stimuli-responsive biomaterials can sense endogenous biochemical signals and exogenous physical stimuli, and achieve precise spatiotemporal regulation through dynamic changes in structure and function, making them a research hotspot in regenerative medicine. This article systematically elaborates the core mechanisms of stimuli-responsive biomaterials in tissue repair and regeneration, including dynamic mechanical support, controlled release of bioactive molecules, regulation of cellular behaviors, and remodeling of the inflammation-immunity-angiogenesis microenvironment. According to the types of triggering signals, the design principles and recent advances of materials responsive to pH, temperature, light, ultrasound, magnetic fields, and multiple stimuli are discussed. It also summarizes their application status in bone tissue repair, soft tissue repair, and targeted tumor therapy. Furthermore, it analyzes key issues in clinical translation, such as response specificity, biosafety, and large-scale preparation, and discusses future development directions, including interdisciplinary integration and intelligent closed-loop regulation. Stimuli-responsive biomaterials provide new strategies for precise and personalized tissue repair and regeneration, with significant basic research value and clinical translation potential.

Key words: Stimuli-responsive biomaterials, Tissue repair, Regenerative medicine, Microenvironment regulation, Smart biomaterials
图1 刺激响应型生物材料的类型及其在组织修复与疾病治疗中的应用策略　根据响应刺激类型，刺激响应型材料主要包括pH、温度、光、超声及磁场响应体系。不同刺激通过诱导材料结构变化、物理性质调节或功能组分释放，实现对材料功能行为的动态调控。
表1 刺激响应型生物材料临床转化现状及部分临床试验案例
响应类型 代表性研究案例 当前转化阶段
温度响应 Poloxamer 407温敏水凝胶负载罗哌卡因，用于腹腔镜胃切除术后局部持续镇痛（NCT07452471） 临床探索阶段（Clinical trial，尚未招募）
光热响应 Au-Ag-Cu2O复合纳米凝胶联合光热治疗耐药性微生物角膜炎（NCT05268718） 早期临床探索阶段（Early PhaseⅠ）
超声响应 MRI引导超声刺激微泡联合放疗用于局部晚期乳腺癌治疗（NCT06633601） 早期临床探索阶段（Early PhaseⅠ）
磁响应 磁性纳米颗粒热消融-在前列腺中的保留与维持（NCT02033447） 早期临床探索阶段（Early PhaseⅠ）
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