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中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版)

中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (04) : 245 -252. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1366.2026.04.001

生物材料专栏·专家论坛

压电水凝胶：口腔组织再生修复的新策略
李宗泰, 王焱†()   
  1. 中山大学附属口腔医院，光华口腔医学院，广东省口腔医学重点实验室，广东省口腔疾病临床医学研究中心，广州　510055
  • 收稿日期:2026-06-20 出版日期:2026-08-01
  • 通信作者: 王焱

Piezoelectric hydrogels: An innovative strategy for oral tissue regeneration and repair

Zongtai Li, Yan Wang†()   

  1. Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, Guangzhou 510055, China
  • Received:2026-06-20 Published:2026-08-01
  • Corresponding author: Yan Wang
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20316, 8247032350)
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李宗泰, 王焱. 压电水凝胶：口腔组织再生修复的新策略[J/OL]. 中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(04): 245-252.

Zongtai Li, Yan Wang. Piezoelectric hydrogels: An innovative strategy for oral tissue regeneration and repair[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Stomatological Research(Electronic Edition), 2026, 20(04): 245-252.

压电水凝胶是一种由压电材料与传统水凝胶网络复合，具备压电性能、能够将机械刺激转化为调控组织再生的生物电信号的新型生物材料。其利用压电效应产生的微电场主动调控细胞行为，为实现功能性组织修复提供了新策略。本文系统阐述了其在促进口腔黏膜愈合、牙周/种植体周骨再生及颌骨缺损修复等方面的应用潜力，探讨了其驱动组织再生的生物学机制及影响材料性能的关键因素，分析了当前在机制阐明、材料性能匹配及临床前评价等方面所面临的挑战，并对未来发展方向进行了展望。

关键词: 压电水凝胶, 口腔组织再生, 生物电信号, 机械刺激

Piezoelectric hydrogels are a class of novel biomaterials fabricated by integrating piezoelectric materials with conventional hydrogel networks. Endowed with piezoelectric properties, they are capable of converting mechanical stimuli into bioelectrical signals that orchestrate tissue regeneration. By utilizing the microelectric fields derived from the piezoelectric effect to actively regulate cellular behaviors, they provide a novel strategy for achieving functional tissue repair. This review systematically delineates their application potential in promoting oral mucosal healing, periodontal and peri-implant bone regeneration, and jawbone defect repair. It further explores the biological mechanisms underlying tissue regeneration and the critical factors governing material performance. Additionally, it analyzes current challenges in mechanistic elucidation, material property matching, and preclinical evaluation, and provides an outlook on future development directions.

Key words: Piezoelectric hydrogel, Oral tissue regeneration, Bioelectrical signal, Mechanical stimulation
表1 压电水凝胶在口腔主要组织再生中的应用
应用方向 材料类型 主要刺激源 核心生物学效应 研究模型 证据等级
口腔黏膜修复 光诱导交联压电水凝胶 咀嚼力、面部肌肉微动 将咀嚼力转化为内源性电信号，模拟伤口愈合的自然电微环境，促进上皮/成纤维细胞迁移与增殖；诱导巨噬细胞向M2型极化，减轻炎症[34] 大鼠 5级
牙周/种植体周骨再生 可注射自交联/光固化压电水凝胶 超声、咀嚼力 利用压电刺激诱导巨噬细胞表型转化，同时促进牙周膜干细胞成骨分化；诱导巨噬细胞向抗炎M2表型极化，重塑免疫微环境[40,41] 大鼠/小鼠 5级
颌骨缺损修复 化学/光诱导交联压电水凝胶 超声、咀嚼力 促进成骨细胞分化与骨基质形成；诱导血管生成与神经长入；调控相关细胞因子/神经肽释放[48,49] 大鼠 5级
牙体牙髓再生 压电膜 咀嚼力 基于电刺激促进牙髓干细胞成牙本质分化，促进修复性牙本质形成[53,54] 大鼠/犬 5级
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