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中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (03) : 217 -224. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1366.2026.03.007

所属专题: 文献

论著

汉中社区老年人口腔衰弱与躯体衰弱的横断面关联分析及风险评估模型构建
李琳1, 庞乐2,(), 潘霞3, 朱磊4, 王桂子1, 刘梅5   
  1. 1三二〇一医院口腔科,汉中 723000
    2汉中职业技术学院康复教研室,汉中 723002
    3汉中职业技术学院口腔教研室,汉中 723002
    4三二〇一医院眼科,汉中 723000
    5三二〇一医院门诊部,汉中 723000
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-29 出版日期:2026-06-01
  • 通信作者: 庞乐

Cross-sectional analysis of the association between oral frailty and physical frailty in elderly people in Hanzhong community and the construction of a risk assessment model

Lin Li1, Le Pang2,(), Xia Pan3, Lei Zhu4, Guizi Wang1, Mei Liu5   

  1. 1Department of Stomatology, 3201 Hospital, Hanzhong 723000, China
    2Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Teaching and Research, Hanzhong Vocational and Technical College, Hanzhong 723002, China
    3Department of Oral Medicine Teaching and Research, Hanzhong Vocational and Technical College, Hanzhong 723002, China
    4Department of Ophthalmology, 3201 Hospital, Hanzhong 723000, China
    5Outpatient Department, 3201 Hospital, Hanzhong 723000, China
  • Received:2025-09-29 Published:2026-06-01
  • Corresponding author: Le Pang
  • Supported by:
    Genertec Medical Scientific Research Fund(TYYLKYJJ-2025-011)
引用本文:

李琳, 庞乐, 潘霞, 朱磊, 王桂子, 刘梅. 汉中社区老年人口腔衰弱与躯体衰弱的横断面关联分析及风险评估模型构建[J/OL]. 中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(03): 217-224.

Lin Li, Le Pang, Xia Pan, Lei Zhu, Guizi Wang, Mei Liu. Cross-sectional analysis of the association between oral frailty and physical frailty in elderly people in Hanzhong community and the construction of a risk assessment model[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Stomatological Research(Electronic Edition), 2026, 20(03): 217-224.

目的

分析汉中社区老年人口腔衰弱与躯体衰弱之间的关联,并构建一个基于口腔功能指标的躯体衰弱风险预测列线图模型,以期为社区早期筛查提供实用工具。

方法

采用横断面研究设计,于2024年8月至2025年4月通过多阶段随机抽样纳入陕西省汉中市10个社区共615名60岁及以上老年人。采用中国改良衰弱表型(CMFP)评估躯体衰弱,汉化版老年人口腔衰弱筛查量表(OFI-8)评估口腔功能及相关条目。应用最小绝对收缩和选择算子(LASSO)回归筛选预测变量,构建多因素Logistic回归模型及列线图,采用受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)和校准曲线评估模型的区分度与校准度。

结果

多因素Logistic回归分析显示,高龄[75 ~ 89岁:比值比(OR)= 1.808,95%置信区间(CI):1.084 ~ 3.015;≥90岁:OR = 9.685,95% CI:3.320 ~ 28.251]、糖尿病(OR = 2.073,95% CI:1.187 ~ 3.619)、咀嚼困难(OR = 2.176,95% CI:1.226 ~ 3.861)、口腔干燥(OR = 1.769,95% CI:1.016 ~ 3.081)及使用义齿(OR = 1.512,95% CI:1.173 ~ 1.949)是躯体衰弱的独立危险因素,而较高的体质量指数(BMI)为保护因素(18.5 ~ 24.0 kg/m2:OR = 0.249,95% CI:0.124 ~ 0.500;>24.0 kg/m2:OR = 0.309,95% CI:0.149 ~ 0.642)。基于上述变量构建的列线图模型在训练集(AUC = 0.760,95% CI:0.706 ~ 0.814)和验证集(AUC = 0.746,95% CI:0.675 ~ 0.818)中均表现出中等且稳定的预测效能,Hosmer-Lemeshow检验(P>0.05)及校准曲线提示模型拟合良好。

结论

口腔衰弱与躯体衰弱存在显著关联。本研究构建的列线图模型整合了高龄、糖尿病、BMI及咀嚼困难、口腔干燥、使用义齿等关键口腔功能指标,为社区医务人员提供了一个直观、简便的躯体衰弱风险初筛工具。结果提示,在社区老年健康管理中,除了关注传统慢病与营养指标,还应重视对老年人咀嚼功能、口腔湿润度及义齿使用状况的评估与干预,或将有助于早期识别衰弱高危人群并采取针对性措施。

Objective

To investigate the relationship between oral frailty and physical frailty in elderly residents of Hanzhong communities, and to construct and validate a nomogram model that can predict the risk of physical frailty by using oral function indicators, so as to provide a practical tool for early screening in the community.

Methods

A cross-sectional study design was adopted. From August 2024 to April 2025, a total of 615 elderly individuals aged ≥60 years were recruited from 10 communities in Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province by multistage random sampling. Physical frailty was assessed by Chinese modified frailty phenotype (CMFP), and oral function was assessed by Chinese version of oral frailty index-8 (OFI-8) and its specific items. Variables were screened by LASSO regression, and then a multivariate logistic regression model and a nomogram were constructed. The discriminative ability and calibration degree of the model were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve area (AUC) and calibration curve.

Results

Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that advanced age (75-89 years: OR = 1.808, 95% CI: 1.084-3.015; ≥90 years: OR = 9.685, 95% CI: 3.320-28.251), diabetes (OR = 2.073, 95% CI: 1.187-3.619), masticatory difficulty (OR = 2.176, 95% CI: 1.226-3.861), dry mouth (OR = 1.769, 95% CI: 1.016-3.081), and denture use (OR = 1.512, 95% CI: 1.173-1.949) were independent risk factors for physical frailty, while higher body mass index (BMI) was a protective factor (18.5-24.0 kg/m2: OR = 0.249, 95% CI: 0.124-0.500; >24.0 kg/m2: OR = 0.309, 95% CI: 0.149-0.642). The nomogram model constructed based on these variables demonstrated moderate and stable predictive performance in both the training set (AUC = 0.760, 95% CI: 0.706-0.814) and the validation set (AUC = 0.746, 95% CI: 0.675-0.818). The Hosmer-Lemeshow test (P>0.05) and calibration curves indicated good model fit.

Conclusions

There is a significant association between oral frailty and physical frailty. The constructed nomogram integrates key predictors including advanced age, diabetes, BMI, masticatory difficulty, dry mouth, and denture use, providing an intuitive and practical tool for community healthcare workers to conduct initial screening for physical frailty risk. The findings suggest that in community-based health management for the elderly, in addition to focusing on traditional chronic diseases and nutritional indicators, attention should be paid to the assessment and intervention of masticatory function, oral wetness, and denture use, which may help in the early identification of high-risk individuals for frailty and the implementation of targeted measures.

图1 汉中社区老年研究对象纳入与排除流程图
表1 汉中社区615名老年研究对象按躯体衰弱分组的基线特征比较[例(%)]
调查项目 非衰弱组(n = 445) 衰弱组(n = 170) χ2 P 调查项目 非衰弱组(n = 445) 衰弱组(n = 170) χ2 P
年龄(岁)     31.811 <0.001 营养状况     2.860 0.239
60 ~ 74 302(67.87) 83(48.82)     较差 19(4.27) 13(7.65)    
75 ~ 89 132(29.66) 67(39.42)     中等 201(45.17) 75(44.11)    
≥90 11(2.47) 20(11.76)     良好 225(50.56) 82(48.24)    
性别     1.652 0.199 失眠或睡眠质量差     10.779 0.001
202(45.39) 87(51.18)     277(62.25) 81(47.65)    
243(54.61) 83(48.82)     168(37.75) 89(52.35)    
民族     0.145 0.703 疾病史        
汉族 436(97.98) 165(97.06)     高血压 179(40.22) 74(43.53) 0.555 0.456
非汉族 9(2.02) 5(2.94)     糖尿病 78(17.53) 46(27.06) 6.941 0.008
居住地     0.131 0.717 关节炎 68(15.28) 22(12.94) 0.539 0.463
城市 210(47.19) 83(48.82)     心脏病 80(17.98) 42(24.71) 3.502 0.061
农村 235(52.81) 87(51.18)     骨质疏松 81(18.20) 23(13.53) 1.912 0.167
婚姻状况     1.240 0.265 白内障 24(5.39) 15(8.82) 2.437 0.119
已婚 377(84.72) 150(88.24)     消化系统疾病 57(12.81) 26(15.29) 0.651 0.420
未婚、离异、丧偶 68(15.28) 20(11.76)     脑卒中 23(5.17) 13(7.65) 1.371 0.242
教育程度     2.264 0.519 其他疾病 180(40.45) 60(35.29) 1.374 0.241
文盲 57(12.81) 16(9.41)     用药种类     11.205 <0.001
小学 165(37.08) 72(42.35)     5种以下 393(88.31) 132(77.65)    
中学 175(39.33) 63(37.06)     5种及以上 52(11.69) 38(22.35)    
大学及以上 48(10.79) 19(11.18)     吃硬食物更困难     6.326 0.012
收入状况     7.243 0.065 319(71.69) 104(61.18)    
无任何收入 159(35.73) 45(26.47)     126(28.31) 66(38.82)    
<1 000元 97(21.80) 46(27.06)     喝茶或喝汤呛咳     18.491 <0.001
1 000 ~ 2 999元 109(24.49) 53(31.18)     385(86.52) 122(71.76)    
≥3 000元 80(17.98) 26(15.29)     60(13.48) 48(28.24)    
居住情况     1.182 0.554 使用义齿     36.493 <0.001
与配偶 257(57.75) 103(60.59)     320(71.91) 78(45.88)    
与子女 121(27.19) 39(22.94)     125(28.09) 92(54.12)    
独居、疗养院 67(15.06) 28(16.47)     口腔干燥     32.432 <0.001
兴趣爱好     0.001 0.976 323(72.58) 82(48.24)    
387(86.97) 148(87.06)     122(27.42) 88(51.76)    
58(13.03) 22(12.94)     外出频次减少     31.127 <0.001
吸烟嗜好     1.259 0.262 312(70.11) 78(45.88)    
399(89.66) 147(86.47)     133(29.89) 92(54.12)    
46(10.34) 23(13.53)     能咀嚼硬食物     0.974 0.324
饮酒嗜好     0.418 0.518 301(67.64) 122(71.76)    
421(94.61) 163(95.88)     144(32.36) 48(28.24)    
24(5.39) 7(4.12)     每天至少刷牙两次     2.361 0.124
经常参加体育锻炼或运动     1.969 0.161 235(52.81) 78(45.88)    
198(44.49) 65(38.24)     210(47.19) 92(54.12)    
247(55.51) 105(61.76)     每年至少看一次牙医     2.310 0.129
体质量指数(BMI,kg/m2     22.642 <0.001 258(57.98) 87(51.18)    
<18.5 32(7.19) 33(19.41)     187(42.02) 83(48.82)    
18.5 ~ 24.0 257(57.75) 73(42.94)     口腔衰弱     33.729 <0.001
>24.0 156(35.06) 64(37.65)     340(76.40) 89(52.35)    
          105(23.60) 81(47.65)    
表2 自变量赋值方式
表3 汉中社区615名老年研究对象躯体衰弱的多因素Logistic回归分析
图2 躯体衰弱风险预测列线图 BMI:体质量指数。
图3 列线图预测躯体衰弱的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线
图4 列线图预测躯体衰弱的校准曲线 A:训练集;B:验证集。
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