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中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (01) : 51 -60. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1366.2026.01.008

论著

直线加速器诱导的大鼠放射性颌骨坏死模型改进
刘珂1, 曾晨玉2, 李益坤3, 钱雨馨4, 辛明哲1, 金磊1,5,()   
  1. 1南京大学医学院附属金陵医院(东部战区总医院)口腔科,南京 210002
    2南京中医药大学金陵临床医学院口腔科,南京 210022
    3南京大学医学院附属金陵医院(东部战区总医院)放射治疗科,南京 210002
    4南京医科大学第一附属医院口腔科,南京 210029
    5浙江大学医学院附属第二医院口腔医学中心,杭州 310009
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-26 出版日期:2026-02-01
  • 通信作者: 金磊

Establishment of a modified rat model for osteoradionerosis of the jaws using a linear accelerator

Ke Liu1, Chenyu Zeng2, Yikun Li3, Yuxin Qian4, Mingzhe Xin1, Lei Jin1,5,()   

  1. 1Department of Stomatology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital (General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command) , Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
    2Department of Stomatology, Jinling Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
    3Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital (General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command) , Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
    4Department of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
    5Oral Health Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medical, Hangzhou 310009, China
  • Received:2025-06-26 Published:2026-02-01
  • Corresponding author: Lei Jin
  • Supported by:
    The Sixth "333 Talents" Training Project in Jiangsu Province(2022)
引用本文:

刘珂, 曾晨玉, 李益坤, 钱雨馨, 辛明哲, 金磊. 直线加速器诱导的大鼠放射性颌骨坏死模型改进[J/OL]. 中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(01): 51-60.

Ke Liu, Chenyu Zeng, Yikun Li, Yuxin Qian, Mingzhe Xin, Lei Jin. Establishment of a modified rat model for osteoradionerosis of the jaws using a linear accelerator[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Stomatological Research(Electronic Edition), 2026, 20(01): 51-60.

目的

探讨不同辐照方案(单次20 Gy和分割5 × 7 Gy)对放射性颌骨坏死(ORNJ)大鼠模型的影响,优化建模方案。

方法

将27只雄性SD大鼠采用随机数字表法随机分为单次辐照组(20 Gy)、多次辐照组(5 × 7 Gy)及对照组,每组9只。辐照前,测量大鼠左侧下颌骨皮下深度及颊舌径,通过直线加速器精准定位左侧下颌骨磨牙靶区,辅以补偿膜以增强浅表剂量。辐照后1周,显微辅助下拔除左侧下颌骨磨牙,术后12周通过大体观察、显微CT(Mirco-CT)扫描重建及组织病理学[苏木精-伊红、Masson和抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)]评估骨质破坏、死骨形成、纤维化和破骨细胞数量,统计存活率与建模成功率。

结果

单次辐照组出现急性放射反应(皮肤红肿、毛发脱落),4周后明显咬合错乱,建模成功率71%;多次辐照组急性反应轻微但后期纤维化更严重,建模成功率78%。Micro-CT显示,单次辐照组骨小梁断裂、皮质骨中断及病理性骨折更明显,多次辐照组骨缺损更深。组织学显示辐照组均可见死骨形成、纤维组织增生、空白骨陷窝及脂肪空泡增多、破骨细胞浸润,其中多次辐照组骨髓脂肪空泡、纤维化及破骨细胞浸润显著。

结论

分割辐照(5 × 7 Gy)方案更符合ORNJ病理特征,优化后的建模方法具有高重复性与可控性,为ORNJ机制研究及防治策略开发提供了可靠模型。

Objective

To investigate the effects of different irradiation schemes (single-dose 20 Gy and fractionated 5 × 7 Gy) on a rat model of osteoradionecrosis of the jaws (ORNJ) , to optimize the modeling protocol.

Methods

Twenty-seven male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a single-dose irradiation group (20 Gy) , a fractionated-dose irradiation group (5 × 7 Gy) , and a control group. Prior to irradiation, the subcutaneous depth and buccolingual diameter of the left mandible in rats were measured. A linear accelerator was used to precisely target the left mandibular molar region, supplemented with a compensator membrane to enhance superficial dose delivery. One week after irradiation, all left mandibular molars were extracted with the aid of a microscope. Twelve weeks post-extraction, gross observation, micro-CT scanning and reconstruction, as well as histopathological analyses (H & E, Masson's trichrome and TRAP staining) were performed to assess bone destruction, sequestrum formation, fibrosis, and osteoclast. Survival rate and modeling success rate were analyzed.

Results

The single-dose group exhibited acute radiation reactions (skin redness, hair loss) and significant occlusal disorder after four weeks, with a modeling success rate of 71%. The fractionated -dose group showed milder acute reactions but more severe late-stage fibrosis, with a modeling success rate of 78%. Micro-CT revealed more obvious trabecular fractures, cortical bone disruption, and pathological fractures in the single-dose group, while the fractionated group exhibited deeper bone defects. Histologically, both experimental groups displayed necrotic bone formation, fibrous tissue hyperplasia, empty bone lacunae, increased fatty vacuoles, and osteoclast infiltration. The fractionated group demonstrated marked bone marrow fat vacuolization, fibrosis, and osteoclast infiltration.

Conclusions

The fractionated irradiation scheme (5 × 7 Gy) is more consistent with the pathological features of ORNJ. The optimized modeling method demonstrates high reproducibility and controllability, providing a reliable platform for investigating ORNJ mechanisms and developing prevention/therapeutic strategies.

图1 直线加速器诱导的大鼠放射性颌骨坏死(ORNJ)模型构建流程
图2 直线加速器诱导的SD大鼠放射性颌骨坏死(ORNJ)模型建模设计 A:大鼠吸入麻醉、摆位及保护装置;B:激光定位;C:拔除左侧下颌骨磨牙。
图3 SD大鼠临床典型症状随访表现 A ~ C:局部毛发情况;D ~ F:口腔黏膜情况;G ~ I:咬合情况。
图4 3组SD大鼠体质量随时间变化趋势(0起点为辐照结束日)
图5 单次辐照组SD大鼠拔牙后12周左侧下颌骨体部下缘肉眼观 黑圆圈示皮质骨缺损区域。
图6 3组SD大鼠拔牙后12周左侧下颌骨骨组织的显微CT(Micro-CT)观察 A ~ C:三维重建图;D ~ F:骨密度情况,蓝至红表示平均灰度值增加;G ~ I:水平面观察,黄色示松质骨;J ~ L:矢状面观察,黄色示松质骨;M ~ O:冠状面观察,黄色示松质骨。
图7 3组SD大鼠拔牙后12周左侧下颌骨骨组织镜下观(苏木精-伊红) A ~ C:镜下整体观;D ~ F:拔牙窝及骨坏死区域;G ~ I:骨髓腔显示不同程度脂肪空泡;J ~ L:空白骨陷窝;A ~ C图中黑色虚框对应D ~ F图,黑色实框对应G ~ I图,黑色五角对应J ~ L图选取位置;黑色三角在F图中示局灶性死骨,在H ~ I图中示脂肪空泡,在K ~ L图中示空白骨陷窝。
图8 3组SD大鼠拔牙后12周空白骨陷窝计数比较(aP=0.030,bP=0.004,cP<0.001)
图9 3组SD大鼠拔牙后12周左侧下颌骨骨组织Masson染色分析 A ~ C:镜下整体观;D ~ F:拔牙窝及骨坏死区域纤维化情况;G ~ I:骨髓腔显示不同程度纤维化;黑色三角示骨髓腔纤维组织增生。
图10 3组大鼠拔牙后12周左侧下颌骨骨组织抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)染色分析 A ~ C:镜下整体观;D ~ F:A ~ C图中黑色五角星对应选取位置,黑色三角示破骨细胞。
表1 放射性颌骨坏死(ORNJ)的大鼠建模方案
表2 常见的动物建模剂量与临床常规分割剂量换算
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