线粒体动力学：炎症微环境中Th17/Treg细胞平衡调控机制的新视角

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1366.2025.04.003

辅助性T淋巴细胞17（Th17）与调节性T淋巴细胞（Treg）的功能失衡是引起多种炎症性疾病的核心机制。尽管二者同源于CD4⁺ T细胞，其免疫效应却截然相反：Th17介导促炎反应，而Treg维持免疫稳态。因此，深入解析炎症微环境中Th17/Treg平衡的调控机制，对开发靶向治疗策略具有重要意义。本文聚焦线粒体动力学（线粒体分裂/融合的动态过程）这一新兴调控维度，整合近年相关研究，探讨Th17/Treg的线粒体形态学特征及其与代谢重编程的关联，旨在为炎症性疾病提供"代谢-免疫"交互调控的创新理论框架，为靶向线粒体动力学纠正免疫失衡提供转化策略。

关键词: 线粒体动力学, 辅助性T淋巴细胞17, 调节性T淋巴细胞, 细胞代谢

The functional imbalance between T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T cells (Treg) serves as a pivotal mechanism underlying multiple inflammatory disorders. Although both subsets originate from CD4⁺ T cells, they exhibit antagonistic immunological effects: Th17 drives pro-inflammatory responses while Treg maintains immune homeostasis. Deciphering the regulatory mechanisms governing Th17/Treg balance within inflammatory microenvironments is crucial for developing targeted therapeutic strategies. This review focuses on mitochondrial dynamics-the dynamic processes of fission and fusion - as an emerging regulatory dimension. By integrating recent advancements, we examine mitochondrial morphological signatures in Th17/Treg subsets and their interplay with metabolic reprogramming. Our findings establish an innovative "metabolism-immunity" interplay framework for inflammatory diseases and propose translational strategies targeting mitochondrial dynamics to rectify immune imbalance.

Key words: Mitochondrial dynamics, T helper cell 17, Regulatory T cell, Cellular metabolism

表1 Th17与Treg细胞的生物学特征、代谢特性及线粒体动力学比较

项目	Th17细胞	Treg细胞
生物学功能	促进炎症	抑制炎症
核心代谢途径	糖酵解	FAO
线粒体形态特征	线粒体融合、嵴结构致密化	线粒体融合、嵴完整清晰
动力学调控因子	L-OPA1、YME1L等	PGC-1α、OPA1等
代谢-形态偶联机制	OXPHOS↑→YME1L激活→L-OPA1↑→融合↑→糖酵解↑	TGF-β→PGC-1α↑→OPA1//MFN2↑→融合↑→FAO↑

表1 Th17与Treg细胞的生物学特征、代谢特性及线粒体动力学比较

项目	Th17细胞	Treg细胞
生物学功能	促进炎症	抑制炎症
核心代谢途径	糖酵解	FAO
线粒体形态特征	线粒体融合、嵴结构致密化	线粒体融合、嵴完整清晰
动力学调控因子	L-OPA1、YME1L等	PGC-1α、OPA1等
代谢-形态偶联机制	OXPHOS↑→YME1L激活→L-OPA1↑→融合↑→糖酵解↑	TGF-β→PGC-1α↑→OPA1//MFN2↑→融合↑→FAO↑

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Mitochondrial dynamics: A novel mechanistic insight into Th17/Treg balance regulation in inflammatory microenvironments

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Mitochondrial dynamics: A novel mechanistic insight into Th17/Treg balance regulation in inflammatory microenvironments