牵张成骨是苏联矫形外科医生伊里扎洛夫在“二战”期间偶然发现的。牵张成骨被发现后的几十年中，并没有在颌面外科获得有效应用。直到1992年，美国的McCarthy 医生才首次利用牵张成骨治疗半侧颜面短小畸形，开创了牵张成骨在颌面外科应用的先例。从此，牵张成骨被发扬光大，在颌面外科领域获得了广泛的应用。牵张成骨是一种内源性骨增量技术，在颌面外科领域主要用于颌骨缺损、颌骨发育不足的治疗。从发展历史可以看出，牵张成骨并不是天然属于正颌外科范畴，但由于其与牙颌面畸形的密切关系，正颌外科医师最早使用并掌握了牵张成骨技术。作为常规正颌手术的重要补充，牵张成骨技术成为正颌外科医师的重要工具，牵张成骨的教学任务也大多是正颌外科医师承担的。本文以作者的临床经验、临床病例为基础，结合当前国内外最新文献，重点介绍牵张成骨在牙颌面畸形治疗中的应用。

Distraction osteogenesis （DO） was accidentally discovered by the Soviet orthopedic surgeon，Ilizarov，during World War Ⅱ.In the decades following its discovery，DO was not effectively applied in maxillofacial surgery until 1992，when Dr.McCarthy from the United States firstly used DO to treat hemifacial microsomia，setting a precedent for the application of DO in maxillofacial surgery.Since then，DO has been further developed and widely applied in the field of maxillofacial surgery.DO is an autologous bone augmentation technique that is mainly used in maxillofacial surgery to treat jaw defects and insufficient jaw development.It can be seen from the history of its development that DO was not originally part of orthognathic surgery.However，due to its close relationship with dentofacial deformities，orthognathic surgeons were the first to learn and master DO.As a complement to conventional orthognathic surgery， DO has become an important tool for orthognathic surgeons，such that its teaching is also mostly undertaken by orthognathic surgeons.Based on the authors' clinical experience and cases，and in combination with the latest domestic and international literature，this article focuses on the application of DO in the treatment of dentofacial deformities.