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中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版) ›› 2023, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (02) : 140 -147. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1366.2023.02.013

综述

细菌群体感应信号对宿主免疫调节机制的研究进展
邓欣怡1, 曾振宇1, 李晓岚1,†()   
  1. 1. 中山大学附属口腔医院，光华口腔医学院，广东省口腔医学重点实验室，广州　510055
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-25 出版日期:2023-04-01
  • 通信作者: 李晓岚

Research progress on bacterial quorum sensing signal on host immune regulation mechanism

Xinyi Deng1, Zhenyu Zeng1, Xiaolan Li1,†()   

  1. 1. Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
  • Received:2022-11-25 Published:2023-04-01
  • Corresponding author: Xiaolan Li
  • Supported by:
    2022 National College Students′ innovation training program(202210762); 2023 College Students′ innovation training program(202310778)
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引用本文：

邓欣怡, 曾振宇, 李晓岚. 细菌群体感应信号对宿主免疫调节机制的研究进展[J]. 中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(02): 140-147.

Xinyi Deng, Zhenyu Zeng, Xiaolan Li. Research progress on bacterial quorum sensing signal on host immune regulation mechanism[J]. Chinese Journal of Stomatological Research(Electronic Edition), 2023, 17(02): 140-147.

群体感应（QS）是细菌通过感知特定群体感应信号分子（QSSM）的浓度阈值，以调节菌群基因表达，改变细菌及菌群行为的系统。这种调节机制在细菌与宿主的相互作用中也发挥重要作用。细菌释放QSSM被宿主感知，启动相关信号通路，激活或抑制基因表达。目前研究显示，宿主细胞的细胞膜、细胞质、细胞器和细胞核等参与QSSM刺激的多种信号通路，介导宿主的相关免疫应答。本文将对QSSM的分类、作用宿主的途径以及作用结果的研究进展进行综述。

关键词: 细菌, 宿主, 群体感应, 免疫调节

Quorum sensing (QS) is a system that bacteria can regulate the gene expression and change the behavior of microbiome by sensing the concentration threshold of specific quorum sensing signal molecules (QSSMs). This regulatory mechanism also plays an important role in the interaction between bacteria and host. The release of QSSMs by bacteria is sensed by the host, which initiates relevant signaling pathways to activate or inhibit gene expression. Current researches have shown that various structures of the host cells, including the cell membrane, cytoplasm, organelles and nucleus are involved in multiple signaling pathways irritated by QSSMs, and mediate relevant host immune responses. In this article, the classification of QSSMs, the research progress of the pathway and effects on hosts were reviewed.

Key words: Bacteria, Host, Quorum sensing, Immunomodulation
表1 细菌群体感应信号分子（QSSM）的分类
QSSM 来源 结构式 结构特点 分泌方式
AI-1 G-菌
eg.铜绿假单胞菌		 AHL之间的主要差异是N侧链的长度、3-碳位置的取代基以及侧链中不饱和键的数量 自由扩散
AIP G+菌
eg.金黄色葡萄球菌		 7 ~ 9个残基组成的短肽，由C末端的羧酸和距离C末端4个氨基酸的半胱氨酸残基形成功能硫酯键，与短N末端共同构成 膜通道蛋白
AI-2 G+菌/G-菌eg.哈氏弧菌 不稳定前体DPD重排成的不同结构的分子 自由扩散
AI-3 肠出血性大肠埃希菌 - -
图1 细菌群体感应信号分子（QSSM）对宿主免疫的调节方式和作用结果　A：G-菌（a.铜绿假单胞菌）合成的AHL通过自由扩散出入细胞，可作用于宿主细胞（b.上皮细胞、成纤维细胞、单核-巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞、免疫细胞等）的细胞膜（结合于膜上受体PRR或T2R，或直接插入细胞膜脂质中）、细胞质、细胞器（包括线粒体和内质网）及细胞核内的相应靶点，经由不同信号通路启动细胞凋亡程序、激活免疫应答或其他作用；B：G+菌（a.致龋性变形链球菌、肺炎链球菌）合成AIP，通过ABC转运系统分泌出胞外，作用于宿主细胞（b.肥大细胞、牙龈上皮细胞等）膜上的G蛋白偶联受体MRGPRX2或T2R，促进宿主细胞脱颗粒、分泌促炎因子等；C：G+菌/G-菌（a.哈氏弧菌），分泌AI-2，作用于宿主细胞（b.肠上皮细胞、牙龈角质形成细胞等）的靶点未知，破坏上皮细胞间连接、分泌细胞因子、促进或抑制肿瘤生长和介导抑郁样作用等；D：细菌（a.肠出血性大肠埃希菌）产生的AI-3可能与肾上腺素/去甲肾上腺素有类似的靶点，即细胞（b.单核细胞）膜上某种G蛋白偶联受体，促进IL-8分泌等。
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