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中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (06) : 351 -359. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1366.2025.06.001

器械分离专栏·专家论坛

基于三维头戴设备的景深提升技术在分离器械取出中的回顾分析
冯博1, 刘小雨1, 谈文多1, 陈燕1, 孟烈2, 黄正蔚1,()   
  1. 1上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院牙体牙髓科,上海交通大学口腔医学院,国家口腔医学中心,口腔疾病国家临床医学研究中心,上海市口腔医学重点实验室,上海市口腔医学研究所,上海 200011
    2革伦科技(上海)有限公司,上海 200011
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-26 出版日期:2025-12-01
  • 通信作者: 黄正蔚

Retrospective analysis of depth-of-field enhancement technology based on a three-dimensional head-mounted device in the removal of separated instruments

Bo Feng1, Xiaoyu Liu1, Wenduo Tan1, Yan Chen1, Lie Meng2, Zhengwei Huang1,()   

  1. 1Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People′s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
    2Gelun Technology (Shanghai) Company Limited, Shanghai 200011, China
  • Received:2025-10-26 Published:2025-12-01
  • Corresponding author: Zhengwei Huang
引用本文:

冯博, 刘小雨, 谈文多, 陈燕, 孟烈, 黄正蔚. 基于三维头戴设备的景深提升技术在分离器械取出中的回顾分析[J/OL]. 中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(06): 351-359.

Bo Feng, Xiaoyu Liu, Wenduo Tan, Yan Chen, Lie Meng, Zhengwei Huang. Retrospective analysis of depth-of-field enhancement technology based on a three-dimensional head-mounted device in the removal of separated instruments[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Stomatological Research(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(06): 351-359.

三维穿戴显示技术从早期的二维图像到如今的三维立体视觉,映射了医学工程学的深度结合。三维头戴设备通过对手术区域进行高精度的视频采集,模拟人眼的双目视差,获取景深感更强的立体图像。当根管内的器械发生分离时,医师可以更精确定位分离器械位置、看清分离器械与根管壁的嵌合程度,以及分离器械与弯曲根管之间的角度,从而能显著提升治疗的精准性、成功率和医师舒适度。本文将对三维头戴设备在分离器械取出中的临床应用进行回顾分析。

The evolution of three-dimensional wearable display technology, from early two-dimensional images to the current stereoscopic vision, reflects the deep integration of medical engineering. By performing high-precision video capture of the surgical area, 3D head-mounted devices simulate human binocular disparity to acquire stereoscopic images with enhanced depth perception. When instrument separation occurs within the root canal, this technology enables clinicians to more accurately locate the separated instrument, clearly visualize its adaptation to the canal walls, and discern the angulation between the instrument and the curved root canal. Consequently, it significantly improves treatment precision, success rates, and operator comfort. This article reviews the clinical application of 3D head-mounted devices in the removal of separated instruments.

图1 三维头戴设备的使用照片 A:使用者头戴设备,于眼前镜片上呈现镜下直视画面;B:使用者的头部不局限,可以自由活动,包括与助手沟通、查看根管影像及回顾影像图片等一系列操作。
图2 常规显微镜和头戴式显微镜镜下观察分离器械的直视图 A:头戴式显微镜镜下观察分离器械的直视图,红色箭头所示为分离器械,景深感强,清晰可见与根管一侧贴合且存在一定间隙;B:常规显微镜镜下观察分离器械的直视图,红色箭头所示为分离器械,景深感弱,只能直视分离器械断面。
图3 左上第一恒磨牙分离器械取出的影像资料 A:术前X线片示左上第一恒磨牙远颊根根尖存在分离器械(红色箭头所示)和底穿孔(黄色箭头所示);B:术中镜下发现分离器械(红色箭头所示)和底穿孔(黄色箭头所示);C:iRoot BP修复底穿孔并回填部分牙胶覆盖(黄色箭头所示),以便于与分离器械镜下区分,超声ET20敞开冠方通路,暴露分离器械(红色箭头所示);D:ET25震出分离器械即刻X线片,已修复底穿孔并取出分离器械,红色箭头指示为原分离器械所在位置,黄色箭头指示为底穿修补处;E:取出的分离器械(红色箭头所示)经测量约3 mm;F:根管充填后拍摄X线片示根充到位。
图4 右下第一恒磨牙分离器械取出的影像资料 A:术前X线片示右下第一恒磨牙近颊根根尖存在分离器械(红色箭头所示);B:模拟图,2段分离器械卡持在同一根管内,卡持紧,交叉角度小;C:镜下直视2段分离器械卡持在同一根管内交叉紧密卡持,红色箭头指示为2根分离器械;D:模式图,ET20/25增隙后2段分离器械卡持变松,交叉角度变大;E:镜下直视ET20/25增隙后2段分离器械卡持在同一根管分布松散,便于震出,红色箭头指示为2根分离器械;F:震出分离器械即刻X线片,已无分离器械,红色箭头指示为原分离器械所在位置;G:根管充填后拍摄X线片示根充到位。
图5 左上第二恒磨牙分离器械取出的影像资料 A:术前X线片示左上第二恒磨牙远颊根存在分离器械(红色箭头所示);B:锥形束CT(CBCT)横截面影像确认,远颊根存在分离器械(红色箭头所示);C:CBCT矢状位影像确认,分离器械长度约为5.24 mm;D:镜下见远颊根的分离器械(红色箭头所示);E:ET25震出分离器械;F:分离器械(镍钛器械)完整取出;G:震出分离器械即刻X线片,已无分离器械(红色箭头所示);H:根管充填后拍摄X线片示根充到位。
图6 左下第一恒磨牙分离器械取出的影像资料 A:术前X线片示左下第一恒磨牙近中根存在分离器械(红色箭头所示);B:锥形束CT(CBCT)横截面影像确认,近颊根与近舌根根尖区融合,分离器械位于融合区域(红色箭头所示);C:CBCT冠状位影像确认,分离器械长度约为3.32 mm,分离器械与上段根管夹角为137.4°;D:CBCT矢状位影像确认,分离器械位于近中根根尖,且出根尖孔(红色箭头所示);E:ET20/25增隙后镜下斜向卡持在根尖融合区的分离器械(红色箭头所示);F:震出分离器械即刻X线片,已无分离器械(红色箭头所示);G:根管充填后拍摄X线片示根充到位。
表1 三维穿戴设备的核心优势及具体表现
表2 三维穿戴显示设备在牙体牙髓治疗中的局限性及具体表现
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