自伤性行为（SIB）可导致不同程度的自伤性损害。自伤性口腔损害多归类于非自杀性自伤行为（NSSI），因组织解剖因素和患者行为特点而有别于全身其他部位的自伤性损害表现。临床工作中不仅需要进行甄别以利于治疗，同时更要对具有自伤性损害行为的患者进行约束和指导转诊，防止疾病反复和（或）进展，甚至可能发生更危险后果。本文通过对自伤性口腔损害的概念及概况、病因及分类、临床特点及其疾病管理进行综述，以警示和指导口腔临床医师强化专业认识，做好相关临床工作。

Self-injurious behavior (SIB) leads to different extent of self-injurious damages. Oral self-injury is mostly classified as non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), which differs from the self-injury manifestations of other parts of the body, because of patient anatomical factors and behavior characteristics. In clinical work, it is not only necessary to screen the patients to facilitate treatment, but also important to restrain and guide the referral of patients with self-injury damage behavior to prevent the recurrence and progression of the disease or even more dangerous consequences. This article summerized the concept, general situation, etiology, classification, clinical characteristics and disease management about various oral self-injury, in order to warn or guide general clinicians engaged in oral mucosal diseases, oral emergency, pediatric dentistry and stomatology to strengthen their professional understanding, and to do best in related clinical work.