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中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版) ›› 2021, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (01) : 24 -33. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1366.2021.01.005

所属专题: 文献

Meta分析

钙通道阻滞剂导致牙龈增生的Meta分析
吴杰1, 张若楠1, 王晓晓2, 于然1, 宋江园1,()   
  1. 1. 华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院口腔医学中心,武汉 430022;口腔颌面发育与再生湖北省重点实验室,武汉 430022;华中科技大学同济医学院口腔医学系,武汉 430030
    2. 北京大学第三医院临床流行病学研究中心 100191
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-23 出版日期:2021-02-01
  • 通信作者: 宋江园

Meta-analysis of gingival hyperplasia caused by calcium channel blockers

Jie Wu1, Ruonan Zhang1, Xiaoxiao Wang2, Ran Yu1, Jiangyuan Song1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China; Department of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
    2. Research Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
  • Received:2020-06-23 Published:2021-02-01
  • Corresponding author: Jiangyuan Song
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(81800984)
引用本文:

吴杰, 张若楠, 王晓晓, 于然, 宋江园. 钙通道阻滞剂导致牙龈增生的Meta分析[J]. 中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版), 2021, 15(01): 24-33.

Jie Wu, Ruonan Zhang, Xiaoxiao Wang, Ran Yu, Jiangyuan Song. Meta-analysis of gingival hyperplasia caused by calcium channel blockers[J]. Chinese Journal of Stomatological Research(Electronic Edition), 2021, 15(01): 24-33.

目的

钙通道阻滞剂(CCB)是治疗心血管疾病的常用药物,文献报道其所致药物性牙龈增生(DIGO)的患病率为7.3% ~ 77.6%,不同文献得出的结果差别较大,本研究旨在通过系统综述及Meta分析,以明确CCB与DIGO的关系及其影响因素。

方法

两位不同的研究者分别系统地搜索了PubMed、Cochrane Library、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国知网(CNKI)和万方等数据库,以获取CCB所致DIGO的临床研究(发表于1984年1月1日至2019年11月30日,无语言限制)。提取每个符合条件的研究数据,使用相对危险度(RR)和95%置信区间(95% CI)进行系统评价分析,以评估CCB引起牙龈增生的概率及其危险因素。

结果

通过搜索初步获得了921篇文献,经过筛选共13篇文献纳入Meta分析(n = 4432名参与者)。Meta分析结果显示:服用CCB的研究对象牙龈增生发生率是未服用CCB组的4.55倍[RR = 4.55,95% CI(3.25,6.36),I2 = 57%,P = 0.006]。亚组分析及Meta回归分析的结果均显示,"地区"和"牙龈增生诊断标准"是研究间异质性的来源。不同牙龈增生诊断标准其合并RR值不同,且国内研究合并RR值[RR = 5.83,95% CI(4.11,8.26)]明显高于国外研究合并RR值[RR = 2.91,95% CI(1.98,4.29)]。

结论

服用CCB可导致牙龈增生,"地区""牙龈增生诊断标准"是研究间异质性的主要来源。我国服用CCB的患者其患牙龈增生的风险可能会更高,这可能与我国患者牙周健康状况较差有关。同时牙龈指数、出血指数及菌斑指数等因素与CCB引起的DIGO相关,不同研究危险因素可能不一致。需服用CCB的患者应该在服药前进行牙周治疗,这可能会预防DIGO的发生,同时在服药过程中,需定期进行牙周检查及相关牙周治疗,以避免或减轻DIGO的程度,避免引起牙齿松动等严重后果。

Objective

Calcium channel blocker (CCB) is commonly used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. It is reported that the prevalence of drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO) is 7.3%-77.6%. The results obtained from some studies are quite different. The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between CCB and DIGO and its influencing factors through systematic reviews and Meta-analysis.

Methods

Two independent researchers systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, CBM (China Biology Medicine) , CNKI, and Wanfang for clinical studies of DIGO caused by CCB (published from January 1, 1984 to November 30, 2019; no language restrictions) . With each eligible study data extracted, the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used for the analysis of systematic review to assess the probability and risk factors of gingival hyperplasia caused by CCB.

Results

We obtained 921 articles through searching and 13 articles were included in the Meta-analysis (n = 4432 participants) . The Meta-analysis results showed that the probability of gingival hyperplasia in subjects taking CCB was 4.55 times that of those without CCB [RR = 4.55, 95% CI (3.25, 6.36) , I2 = 57%, P = 0.006]. The results of the subgroup analysis and the Meta-regression analysis showed that the ′Region′ and ′Diagnostic criteria for gingival hyperplasia′ were the sources of heterogeneity among studies. Different gingival hyperplasia diagnostic criteria have different combined RR values, and the combined RR value among domestic studies [RR = 5.83, 95% CI (4.11, 8.26) ] was significantly higher than that among foreign studies [RR = 2.91, 95% CI (1.98, 4.29) ].

Conclusions

Taking CCB can lead to gingival hyperplasia. ′Region′ and ′Diagnostic criteria for gingival hyperplasia′ are the main sources of research heterogeneity. Patients taking CCB in China may have a higher risk of gingival hyperplasia, which may be related to poorer periodontal health of the patients. At the same time, factors such as gingival index, bleeding index, and plaque index were related to DIGO caused by CCB. Risk factors in different studies may be inconsistent. Patients who need to take CCB should have periodontal treatment before taking the medicine, which may prevent the occurrence of drug-induced gingival hyperplasia. Periodic periodontal examinations and related periodontal treatments are recommended to be performed regularly to avoid or reduce the degree of DIGO and avoid serious consequences such as loose tooth.

图1 文献筛选流程
表1 本研究所有纳入的13条文献相关信息
作者 年份 地区 药物种类 样本量 暴露组事件数 暴露组总数 暴露组患病率 非暴露组事件数 非暴露组总数 非暴露组患病率 牙龈增生诊断标准
Fattore等[2] 1991 美国 地尔硫 89 45 58 77.59% 4 31 12.90% Angelopoulas等[16]
      硝苯地平                
Steele等[7] 1994 美国 硝苯地平 115 23 88 26.14% 1 27 3.70% Angelopoulas等[16]
      维拉帕米                
      地尔硫                
徐莉等[8] 1997 中国 硝苯地平 210 15 72 20.83% 3 138 2.17% Seymour等[17]
Ellis等[6] 1999 英格兰 硝苯地平 911 35 809 25.22% 0 102 0 Seymour等[17]
      氨氯地平                
      地尔硫                
刘念邦等[9] 2001 中国 硝苯地平 271 11 103 10.68% 3 168 1.79% Seymour等[17]
王立飞等[10] 2002 中国 硝苯地平 209 27 75 36.00% 16 134 11.94% 其它
杨泓等[11] 2004 中国 未提及 523 65 208 31.25% 19 315 6.03% Seymour等[17]
李晓等[1] 2007 中国 硝苯地平 616 15 205 7.32% 5 411 1.21% Seymour等[17]
Sousa等[12] 2011 巴西 硝苯地平 70 24 35 68.57% 8 35 22.8% Inglés等[18]
李行懿等[13] 2012 中国 二氢吡啶 681 136 330 41.21% 17 351 4.84% Seymour等[17]
      苯烷氨类                
      苯噻氮卓类                
徐雪垠[14] 2016 中国 未提及 459 53 262 20.23% 5 197 2.54% Inglés等[18]
Umeizudike等[4] 2017 尼日利亚 氨氯地平 116 21 58 36.21% 10 58 17.24% Inglés等[18]
      硝苯地平                
Vidal等[15] 2018 巴西 硝苯地平 162 44 105 41.90% 11 57 19.29% 其它
      氨氯地平                
      非洛地平                
表2 本研究所有纳入的13个队列研究的质量评价
图2 暴露组(服用钙通道阻滞剂)和非暴露组(未服用钙通道阻滞剂)牙龈增生患病率比较的Meta分析森林图
图3 不同地区暴露组(服用钙通道阻滞剂)和非暴露组(未服用钙通道阻滞剂)牙龈增生患病率比较的亚组分析图
图4 在不同牙龈增生诊断标准下,暴露组(服用钙通道阻滞剂)和非暴露组(未服用钙通道阻滞剂)牙龈增生患病率比较的亚组分析图
表3 暴露组(服用钙通道阻滞剂)和非暴露组(未服用钙通道阻滞剂)牙龈增生患病率比较的单因素("地区"和"牙龈增生诊断标准")Meta回归分析结果表
表4 暴露组(服用钙通道阻滞剂)和非暴露组(未服用钙通道阻滞剂)牙龈增生患病率比较的多因素("地区"和"牙龈增生诊断标准")Meta回归分析结果表
图5 针对暴露组(服用钙通道阻滞剂)和非暴露组(未服用钙通道阻滞剂)牙龈增生患病率比较的敏感性分析图
图6 针对暴露组(服用钙通道阻滞剂)和非暴露组(未服用钙通道阻滞剂)牙龈增生患病率比较的漏斗图
表5 世界卫生组织(WHO)按国家/地区特定人群分类的社区牙周指数(CPI)数据
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